Ch4 Exam Prep Nonverbal Communication

CHAPTER 4

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The amount of time we give to our loved ones reflects not only the value we place on relational bonds, but the ___________ values as well.
2. government’s
3. culture’s *
4. family’s
5. sibling’s
6. code’s

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Creating Meaning and Identity

1. ___________ space is most likely to be employed between two roommates engaged in casual conversation.
   1. Personal *
   2. Social
   3. Public
   4. Outer
   5. Inside

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Of all the different types of nonverbal communication, ______ is arguably the most honest.
   1. proxemics
   2. chronemics
   3. body language *
   4. artifacts
   5. oculesics

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Why do most scholars categorize oculesics as a separate nonverbal code rather than simply categorize it as a form of facial expression?
   1. Because they believe oculesics has much less influence on meaning making.
   2. Because they believe eyes have little to do with nonverbal communication.
   3. Because they believe that the eyes, on their own, have significant power to communicate. *
   4. Because they believe that the eyes and face have different meaning in different cultural settings.
   5. Because oculesics also involve a kenesics component.

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. __________ is how we structure a message by using nonverbal communication to repeat, complement, contradict, substitute for, and regulate what we say.
   1. Kinesics
   2. Intentionality
   3. Augmentation
   4. Representation
   5. Framing *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You are a diligent student and want your professor to know this, so during each class, as you participate in every discussion, asking a lot of questions, you sit in the front row. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Silence
   2. Haptics
   3. Proxemics *
   4. Oculesics
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You’re roommate just got his dream job at an accounting firm in Memphis. You want to let him know how happy you are for him, so you shake his hand and offer him congratulations with an additional pat on the back. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Silence
   2. Haptics *
   3. Proxemics
   4. Oculesics
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Your girlfriend has been on vacation for three weeks and never bothered to contact you—not even a postcard. So upon her return you explain how frustrated you are with her and then avoid taking her phone calls for two weeks. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Proxemics
   2. Chronemics
   3. Vocalics
   4. Silence *
   5. Utterances

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. At a party, someone tells you a very funny joke. You laugh hysterically while at the same time reassuring him that it’s “one of the funniest jokes you’ve ever heard.” You are employing which form of nonverbal communication complement your message?
   1. Vocalics *
   2. Chronemics
   3. Proxemics
   4. Oculesics
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Emblems, adaptors, illustrators, affect displays, and regulators are all forms of __________.
   1. oculesics
   2. markers
   3. artifacts
   4. gesticulations *
   5. proxemics

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Shaking your head “no” is an example of what type of gesticulation?
   1. Illustrators
   2. Emblems *
   3. Affect displays
   4. Adaptors
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. As you deliver your presentation in class, you try hard to connect with your audience members by making eye contact with each student in the room. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Vocalics
   2. Facial expressions
   3. Proxemics
   4. Oculesics *
   5. Haptics

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You tell your grandmother her pickled cow’s tongue taste great, but you wrinkle your nose, turn down the corners of your mouth, and frown. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to frame your message?
   1. Vocalics
   2. Facial expressions *
   3. Proxemics
   4. Oculesics
   5. Haptics

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You tell your grandmother her pickled cow’s tongue taste great, but you wrinkle your nose, turn down the corners of your mouth, and frown. You want the nonverbal code to ___________ your spoken message.
   1. complement
   2. contradict *
   3. substitute for
   4. regulate
   5. represent

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. While all your roommates are laboring over their textbooks in preparation for tomorrow’s exam, you conspicuously pull your e-reader from your backpack. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Environmental factors
   2. Facial expressions
   3. Artifacts *
   4. Gesticulations
   5. Kenesics

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You want to plan a holiday evening of caroling with friends, and decide to do it on Friday rather than Saturday because the forecast is for snow. As you begin to sing “Silver Bells,” flakes begin to gently fall, setting the stage for a perfect holiday celebration. You employed which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?
   1. Environmental factors *
   2. Facial expressions
   3. Artifacts
   4. Silence
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Many nonverbal codes have universal meaning; among those that do not is ____________.
   1. laughing
   2. crying
   3. smiling
   4. kissing *
   5. breathing

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. When a relative at a family gathering asks you a ridiculous question you remain silent, later explaining that you simply refused to dignify the question with a response. You wanted the nonverbal code to ___________ your unspoken message.
   1. complement
   2. contradict
   3. substitute for *
   4. regulate
   5. represent

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Gestures that can be translated into words, for example, nodding “yes,” are ___________.
   1. affect displays
   2. regulators
   3. emblems *
   4. adaptors
   5. markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Gestures to help the flow of speech, for example, raising your hand in class are _______.
   1. affect displays
   2. regulators *
   3. emblems
   4. adaptors
   5. markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Emotional gestures, such as pacing when you are nervous, are _______.
   1. affect displays *
   2. regulators
   3. emblems
   4. adaptors
   5. markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is ________.
   1. continuous *
   2. influenced by rules
   3. symbolic
   4. culturally influenced
   5. routine

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. One of your friends angrily spits out, “I didn’t even want to go out tonight,” after being stood up by another one of your friends. Her spoken words are ________ by her vocalics.
   1. complemented *
   2. contradicted
   3. regulated
   4. negated
   5. represented

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. You’re in the rotunda of your state capitol and your long-time boyfriend finally accepts your proposal of marriage. You embrace. In which distance zone do you two find yourselves?
   1. Intimate space *
   2. Personal space
   3. Public space
   4. Social space
   5. Romantic space

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Working on a school project while listening to music and talking to your brother is an example of using time ________.
   1. inefficiently
   2. monochronically
   3. polychronically *
   4. gesticulatorily
   5. tandemly

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Both children and adults who are denied ________ are more likely to suffer from depression and feelings of isolation.
   1. eye contact *
   2. touch
   3. gesticulations
   4. oculesics
   5. facial expressions

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. In American culture, people are typically ____________ to/with silence in a social situation.
   1. uncomfortable *
   2. comfortable
   3. indifferent
   4. immune
   5. accustomed

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. According to Albert Mehrabian, what percent of communication is nonverbal?
   1. 45%
   2. 93% *
   3. 62%
   4. 87%
   5. 55%

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. What distance range best defines personal space?
   1. 0–18 inches
   2. 3–5 feet
   3. 0–100 feet
   4. 18 inches–4 feet *
   5. More than 4 feet

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Nonverbal codes are continuous, rather than discrete like numbers, and flow along a range or continuum. In other words, they are ___________.
   1. analogic *
   2. digital
   3. iconic
   4. universal
   5. flow-like

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Nonverbal codes objectively represent the thing being represented. In other words, they are ___________.
   1. analogic
   2. digital
   3. iconic *
   4. universal
   5. flowlike

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Which of the following is an example of haptics?
   1. Nodding “Hello” to someone
   2. A high-five *
   3. Giggling at your friend’s tickle
   4. Grunting in approval
   5. Smiling at a baby

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. One similarity between verbal and nonverbal communication is that __________.
   1. both are symbolic *
   2. both are iconic
   3. both are not influenced by rules
   4. both tend to be culture-free
   5. both are rarely misunderstood

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. What is kinesics?
   1. The study of pupil dilation
   2. The study of tone of voice
   3. The study of body movement *
   4. The study of time
   5. The study of the use of attire

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Expectancy Violation Theory argues that when social expectations are violated, attention to nonverbal communication is ___________.
   1. diminished
   2. heightened *
   3. obscured
   4. delayed
   5. misunderstood

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. First impressions are typically based on ___________.
   1. intelligence
   2. demeanor
   3. appearance *
   4. rumor
   5. the first few spoken words

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Nonverbal communication is typically __________ than verbal communication.
2. less believable
3. less funny
4. more funny
5. less visible
6. more honest *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. The type of nonverbal code that consists of body movement, gestures, or posture is ________.
2. proxemics
3. kinesics *
4. haptics
5. vocalics
6. markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. __________ is a commonly recognized way that nonverbal communication frames verbal communication?
2. Articulation
3. Pronunciation
4. Insulting
5. Representation
6. Substitution *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Theory of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. The phrase “time is money” speaks to which nonverbal coding system?
2. Proxemics
3. Kinesics
4. Chronemics *
5. Vocalics
6. Markers

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. The nonverbal act of looking downwards and avoiding eye contact may well be a sign of _________.
2. stress
3. uncertainty
4. guilt *
5. disbelief
6. affection

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Which of the following is an example of a cultural rule that shapes our nonverbal communication?
   1. Metaphor
   2. Syntactic ambiguity
   3. Distance when speaking *
   4. Conventional greetings
   5. Raising the flag

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. Which distance zone is measured at more than 12 feet apart?
   1. Intimate space
   2. Personal space
   3. Social space
   4. Angry space
   5. Public space *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. According to Ray Birdwhistell, it is estimated that humans can transmit through bodily movement more than _______ physical signals useful in meaning making.
   1. 100
   2. 300,000
   3. 700,000 *
   4. 1 million
   5. 1.6 million

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Smiles, frowns, crinkled foreheads, puckered lips, and raised eyebrows are all examples of _________.
   1. facial expressions *
   2. facial symbols
   3. relatedness factors
   4. reenforcers
   5. markers

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. ___________ is/are using nonverbal cues to indicate closeness.
   1. Haptics
   2. Touch and eye contact
   3. Nonverbal immediacy *
   4. Silence and environmental factors
   5. Markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Both verbal and nonverbal communication is composed of _______ symbols to which we give meaning, and we, in turn, behave according to those meanings.
   1. universal
   2. subtle
   3. static
   4. arbitrary *
   5. objective

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. Gestures that emphasize verbal meaning, for example using your hand to demonstrate how tall your pile of textbooks will be this semester, are ___________.
   1. illustrators *
   2. regulators
   3. emblems
   4. adaptors
   5. markers

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Albert Mehrabian’s research on nonverbal communication includes his assertion that 55 percent of communicated meaning comes from_______.
   1. eye movements
   2. tone of voice
   3. body movements
   4. smiles and other movements of the mouth
   5. facial expressions *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. _______ is the idea that when social expectations are violated, attention to nonverbal communication is heightened, with either positive or negative effects.
   1. Nonverbal Coding Systems
   2. Politeness Theory
   3. Rudeness Theory
   4. Expectancy Violation Theory *
   5. Symbolic Interaction

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Communication?

SHORT ANSWER

1. Why does nonverbal communication, unlike verbal communication, never end? What does this have to do with the idea that you cannot not communicate?

Main theme: Nonverbal communication is continuous; it is always “read” by the interactants.

Answer must include: Notion that we are always making meaning of others, whether they speak or not.

Answer may include: Idea that as a result, nonverbal communication is more honest and commentary on role of culture.

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

1. What are the four different distance zones typically recognized by American culture? What does each zone imply? Give one example for each.

Main theme: The amount of space between communicators conveys meaning about the nature of their relationship and what forms of communication are appropriate.

Answer must have: Correct identification of the four zones and their attendant distance ranges, what is implied about the relationship by each zone, and examples that correct demonstrate those zones and their meanings.

Answer may have: Discussion of cultural differences or mention of expectancy violation theory.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Why is paralanguage considered nonverbal communication rather than verbal communication? Give at least 3 examples of paralanguage and examples of how they are used to make meaning.

Main theme: Paralanguage is vocal sounds that are not words; if they were words, they’d be verbal communication.

Answer must have: Understanding of the difference between paralanguage and verbal communication, 3 correct examples (tone, inflection, laughter, crying, articulation, pitch, coughing, etc.), and accurate examples.

Answer may have: Discussion of emotional meaning attached to most vocalics.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. What are gesticulations and what form of nonverbal code do they best represent? Name and give examples of the five types of gesticulations.

Main theme: We often intentionally use specific movements of our hands and arms to communicate. These are gesticulations.

Answer must include: Correct definition of gesticulation and mention that they are a form of kinesics. The 5 types (emblems, adaptors, illustrators, affect displays, and regulators) must be accurately listed and the examples must be correct.

Answer may include: Mention of role of culture or how gesticulations can frame verbal communication.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Why are nonverbal messages considered more honest than verbal messages? Of all the nonverbal codes, which is arguably the most honest? Why? Give an example.

Main theme: Nonverbal communication is more honest because much of it operates outside our conscious control.

Answer must include: Commentary on intentionality, identification of body language as most honest, and an appropriate example.

Answer may include: Disagreement over body language’s position as most honest or mention of role of culture.

A-head: What is Nonverbal Communication?

ESSAY

1. Nonverbal communication, like all communication, is integral to meaning making and identity. How might nonverbal communication differ from verbal communication in this regard? How might it be similar? Offer examples where appropriate.

Main theme: The critical role of nonverbal communication in the development of self relies first, on knowing what nonverbal codes exist; second, understand the direct and indirect meaning made from those systems, and third, knowing how those codes affect not only the way we see ourselves but also how others perceive us.

Answer must have: Recognition of various nonverbal codes and their contribution to how others “read” us. Offered examples must make sense.

Answer may have: Discussion of intentionality or culture.

A-head: The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Creating Meaning and Identity

1. Artifacts can be a powerful form of nonverbal communication, allowing us to shape our own identities. How do artifacts help us achieve this communicative goal? What are some artifacts you surround yourself with and what do they say about you?

Main theme: Artifacts help define us and our environments and, in turn, tell others how to behave accordingly.

Answer must have: Understanding that artifacts are objects we use to identify ourselves, can indicate whether there is a sharing of values, can inform us about others’ jobs, interests, or hobbies, and can announce membership in groups. Examples must be accurate.

Answer may have: Discussion of intentionality or culture.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Why is physical appearance a particularly important nonverbal code in identity formation and maintenance? When can it be harmful and when can it be useful, and do you wish that your culture placed less importance on it? Use examples to support your arguments.

Main theme: Physical appearance is a major factor in day-to-day communication. It influences first impressions, the distinctions we make between bounded cultures, what we consider attractive or unattractive, and as a gauge for whether to begin a relationship.

Answer must have: Recognition of the different elements of the physical attractiveness nonverbal code (clothing, height, weight, body adornments, skin color, ethnicity, hair styles and color, shape, attractiveness, hygiene, etc.) and their significance in framing communication in their presence. Helpful/harmful argument and examples must make sense.

Answer may have: Discussion of intentionality or culture.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. Of the several types of nonverbal communication coding systems you’ve studied, which one had you never thought about as a form of communication? Why was that? Explain why you now understand it as a form of nonverbal communication. Or if you still do not consider it to be a form of nonverbal communication; justify your reasoning.

Main theme: Codes such as environmental factors, vocalics, artifacts, chronemics, and silence are, for various reasons, sometimes overlooked as forms of nonverbal communication.

Answer must have: A reasonable explanation of why the chosen code had been considered to be not nonverbal communication.

Answer may have: Discussion of intentionality or culture.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems

1. What is the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and expectancy violation theory? Are errors in nonverbal immediacy always detrimental to the relationship of the communicators? Why or why not?

Main theme: Nonverbal immediacy is the use of nonverbal cues to indicate closeness, but errors may occur, especially when touch is involved. But Expectancy Violation Theory suggests that when social expectations are violated, attention to nonverbal communication is heightened.

Answer must have: Accurate accounting of both concepts, mention that heightened attention to nonverbal cues can have positive or negative effects, and factors involved in how violations are interpreted.

Answer may have: Discussion of intentionality or culture.

A-head: Types of Nonverbal Coding Systems