Chapter 3 Test Items

1. The committee with the responsibility to review all research proposals for possible risks to research participants and to make sure that all participants are informed of their rights as research participants at federal agencies and/or institutions receiving federal funding is called the

a. institutional review board

b. instrumental research board

c. institutional research board

d. instrumental review board

2. Which of the following jobs is outside the purview of an IRB?

a. review full protocols

b. conduct periodic reviews of protocols

c. examine alleged violations of protocols

d. create research protocols

3. Ernest is trying to support a wife and three kids and was recently laid off from his job. He has run out of money and needs to feed his children. After running out of all other options, Ernest steals from a small, local grocery store and successfully gets food to feed his children dinner. Which type of ethic is Ernest exhibiting?

a. ethical behavior

b. subjective ethic

c. Machiavellian ethic

d. unethical behavior

4. Which major ethical violation led to the formation of the Belmont Report?

a. liquor store burglary

b. anonymous sex in public restrooms

c. Milgram studies

d. Tuskegee syphilis study

5. Which historical study was designed to examine the social influence of men wearing lab coats?

a. liquor store burglary

b. anonymous sex in public restrooms

c. Milgram studies

d. Tuskegee syphilis study

6. In the realm of ethics, when someone has good means and a good end, we refer to this as

a. ethical behavior

b. unethical behavior

c. Machiavellian ethic

d. subjective notions

7. Which of the Belmont Report’s three principles for research is concerned with the idea that those who take the risks of research should also receive the benefits from that research?

a. diminished autonomy

b. beneficence

c. justice

d. common rule

8. Darlene is in the process of conducting a study where she invites participants to complete an online survey in which there is no way for her to know which results belong to which participant. What is Darlene guaranteeing?

a. anonymity

b. privacy

c. confidentiality

d. protected health status

9. Which of the following is NOT part of the informed consent process?

a. adequate information about the purpose of the study

b. known risks

c. length of participation

d. study outcomes

10. Dr. Smith is in the process of converting one of his student’s papers into a research article. However, Dr. Smith fails to list his student as an author. What ethical violation has Dr. Smith conducted?

a. authorship credit

b. plagiarism

c. data sharing

d. data falsification

11. Title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 46 (45 CFR 46) refers to what important aspect of research ethics?

a. common rule

b. Belmont Report

c. Tile IX

d. creation of the National Institutes of Health

12. Ebu is conducting an experiment on the impact that aggressive communication has on individual perceptions of likeability. Before participating in the study, Ebu hands each participant a form that describes the purpose of the study, how many people will participate in the study, risks/benefits, along with many other features. What aspect of the research process is Ebu illustrating?

a. obtaining informed consent

b. ensuring anonymity

c. guaranteeing confidentiality

d. demonstrating the principle of beneficence

13.Which of the following is a function of an IRB?

a. examine any adverse events that occur

b. help researchers write protocols

c. help researchers develop a research project

d. ensure that every member reviews each protocol submitted

14. Julian wrote a paper in his interpersonal communication course. In his research methods course, he overlaps his project for that course with the previously written paper so he could reuse pieces from the earlier paper. What form of plagiarism is this?

a. self stealer

b. ghostwriter

c. misinformer

d. too-perfect paraphraser

15. Carlos is in the process of conducting a new study. While conducting the study he knowingly lies to a potential participant, who later experiences a negative reaction as a result of being a participant in the study. Which of the four types of ethics is Carlos exhibiting as a researcher?

a. unethical behavior

b. ethical behavior

c. Machiavellian ethic

d. subjective ethic

16. When a person uses good means that ultimately result in a bad end, what is this called?

a. ethical behavior

b. unethical behavior

c. subjective ethic

d. Machiavellian ethic

17. Which part of the Belmont Report argues that researchers should respect all possible research participants as autonomous individuals who have the capability of making decisions about their participation in a research project?

a. informed consent

b. justice

c. beneficence

d. magnanimity

18. Sarah is conducting a survey. She sends out the link using various social media sites. She has no way of knowing who has and who has not participated in her research study. Which term most accurately explains her study?

a. anonymous

b. confidential

c. protected health information

d. privacy data

19. A _________________ allows a researcher to engage in “biomedical, behavioral, clinical, or other research (including research on mental health and on the use of and effect of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs) to protect the privacy of individuals who are the subjects of such research.

a. certificate of privacy

b. certificate of confidentiality

c. certificate anonymity

d. certificate of research ethics

20. According to the 2017 revision of the Common Rule, what must be at the top of a consent form?

a. statement of IRB support

b. statement of data rights management

c. concise summary

d. data use summary

21. The tools or behaviors that one employs to achieve a desired outcome are the ends.

a. True

b. False

22. After finishing a study, Fatima finds out that her hypotheses were not supported, so she decides to rewrite her hypotheses to reflect her study’s findings. The behavior Fatima has engaged in is unethical.

a. True

b. False

23. Children who mentally cannot make informed decisions are considered participants with diminished autonomy.

a. True

b. False

24. All participants in research studies must be paid under the guidelines of the Belmont Report.

a. True

b. False

25. Prisoners are not covered by the concept of diminished autonomy.

a. True

b. False

26. Research in the world outside of academia is just as important as academic research and is covered under the same federal protections for research participants.

a. True

b. False

27. It is impossible for authors to plagiarize their own work.

a. True

b. False

28. It is acceptable to alter a hypothesis to fit study data.

a. True

b. False

Essays:

29. Describe three ethical issues that affect the research situation (not ethics from an institutional perspective), and provide an example for each.

30. Differentiate between anonymity, confidentiality, and privacy.

31. Describe post hoc hypothesis revision, and explain why this is considered unethical research behavior.

32. Under what circumstances can a researcher request that an IRB grant permission to not have a signed consent for research participation?

Matching:

33. Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.

a. Conflict of Interest = Financial and personal considerations that prevent a researcher from abiding by ethical standards.

b. Full Board Review = Occurs when the IRB believes research is beyond minimal risk.

c. Adverse Events = Unexpected harms that result from a study.

d. Resourceful Citer = Someone who cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately.

e. Data Sharing = When other researchers ask to see the data.