Ch.2 The Mechanics Of Movement Test Questions & Answers

Chapter 2: The Mechanics of Movement

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following BEST describes center of mass (CoM)?
   1. The balance point of an object
   2. The direction of movement when weight is added
   3. The point directly behind the gravity pull
   4. The push or pull that modifies movement
2. Which of the following statements is true regarding how CoM affects patients’ movement?
   1. Center of pull is another term for CoM.
   2. Each body part, such as a leg or an arm, has its own CoM.
   3. The whole body has a CoM that cannot be localized.
   4. When weight is added to the body, the CoM moves away from the added weight.
3. Which of the following is an example of an internal force commonly used when assisting patients with movement?
   1. Ankle weights
   2. Friction
   3. Gravity
   4. Muscular tension
4. Which of the following statements regarding vectors and representation of movement forces is true?
   1. For internal forces, the tail of the arrow lies at the muscle attachment on the moving lever of the muscle exerting the force.
   2. Gravity is only depicted as a vertical arrow with the tail of the arrow originating behind a point at about S2.
   3. Muscle contraction force is depicted with an arrow pointing opposite to the combined effect of the muscle fibers.
   4. The arrow on the vector is straight and points in the direction away from force exertion.
5. Which of the following is considered an open chain exercise?
   1. Mini squats
   2. Push-ups
   3. Sit-to-stand
   4. Biceps curls
6. Which of the following force-couple applications is LESS than optimal for patients to use when preparing to transition from sitting to standing?
   1. Leaning forward and pulling up with both arms supported on the walker
   2. Leaning forward and using the hip and thigh muscles to achieve liftoff
   3. Pushing the upper trunk into the back of the chair while sliding the pelvis forward
   4. Shifting from side to side to walk the hips forward to the front of the chair
7. What is the MOST likely cause for a patient to develop atrophy while on a ventilator in the intensive care unit (ICU)?
   1. The appropriate amount of load applied to the tissues
   2. Too little load applied to the tissues
   3. Too much load applied to the tissues
   4. Repeated rapid load to the tissues
8. When transferring a patient from the edge of the bed to a wheelchair using a stand-pivot transfer, which of the following positions is MOST appropriate for the caregiver?
   1. Close to the patient with feet close together and with hips and knees bent
   2. Feet spread apart with hips and knees straight while leaning the trunk backwards
   3. Close to the patient with feet spread apart and staggered with hips and knees bent
   4. Feet spread apart and staggered with hips and knees bent while leaning the trunk backwards
9. Which of the following would be MOST effective in promoting stability during patient-care activities?
   1. Increase the distance of the CoM above the base of support (BoS).
   2. Minimize the BoS.
   3. Position the line of gravity (LoG) posterior to the BoS.
   4. Position the LoG near the center of the BoS.
10. Which of the following factors is key to preserving dynamic trunk stability?
    1. A neutral pelvis
    2. Decreased or reduced lumbar lordosis
    3. Extension of the hips
    4. Flexion of the spine
11. Your patient has been in bed for the past 7 days with acute pneumonia. When a patient is preparing to stand for the first time since being hospitalized, which of the following muscle actions must occur?
    1. The back extensor muscles must be able to counteract inertia.
    2. The hip extensor muscles must be able to control the LoG.
    3. The knee extensor muscles must be able to counteract gravity.
    4. The knee flexor muscles must be able to control the CoM.
12. To understand the fundamental principles of movement, it is MOST important to know which of the following?
    1. The amount of ground reaction force in Newtons
    2. The direction of force application
    3. The distance between the CoM and the BoS
    4. The exact measure of inertia to be overcome
13. In which of the following scenarios is momentum MOST likely to be an element that needs to be controlled?
    1. A patient is bridging in the bed to scoot to the right.
    2. A patient is rolling from his back to his right side.
    3. A patient is transferring from the floor to standing using a chair for support.
    4. A patient is walking with crutches and a full leg cast.

Matching

Match the following terms to their definitions.

A. Pulling that tries to stretch or lengthen tissue

B. The amount of force across a given area

C. The force applied to a given area

D. Twisting force about a structure’s axis

E. Two opposite direction forces, parallel to contacting surfaces

14. Pressure

15. Shear

16. Stress

17. Tension/tensile forces

18. Torsion