Ch2 Determinants Of Health In Rural Communities Exam Prep

Chapter 2: Determinants of Health in Rural Communities

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following factors influences health outcomes?

A) Sociodemographic characteristics

B) Environmental conditions

C) Economic landscape

D) Health behaviors

E) All of these are correct.

2. Which of the following environmental factors can detrimentally impact health?

A) Air quality

B) Toxic exposures

C) Climate change

D) Water quality

E) All of these are correct.

3. The health of individuals and populations is not influenced by:

A) genetics.

B) medical care.

C) physical environment.

D) behavior.

E) None of these is correct.

4. Factors having a direct impact on health for rural residents does not include:

A) type of farmstead.

B) environmental landscape.

C) sociodemographic characteristics.

D) health care landscape.

E) economic climate.

5. Rural areas differ from urban in which of the following ways?

A) Transportation only

B) Air quality only

C) Transportation and air quality

D) None of these is correct.

6. Rural residents can easily:

A) access healthcare remotely.

B) participate in online economic activity.

C) access broadband internet.

D) None of these is correct.

7. Elements of the environment that affect health outcomes in the rural areas include:

A) access to opportunities for physical activities.

B) access to meaningful social interactions.

C) access to healthy foods.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

8. Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Too often, rural areas are not portrayed as being entirely white.

B) Approximately one in ten rural Americans is a person of color.

C) Rural areas have always been racially and ethnically diverse.

D) Native Americans/American Indians do not experience poorer health outcomes than whites.

E) Some rural populations do not have deep historical roots in rural places.

9. Forms of structural racism include:

A) housing discrimination.

B) employment discrimination.

C) inequitable policing.

D) unequal access to resources.

E) All of these are correct.

10. Access to care is difficult for rural residents because of all of the following except:

A) shortage in healthcare workforce.

B) hospital closure.

C) need to drive longer distances.

D) shortage in specialty care.

E) None of these is correct.

11. Rural health is made up of several contributing factors that lead to health outcomes including:

A) water quality.

B) income.

C) sociodemographic characteristics.

D) All of these are correct.

E) None of these is correct.

12. Solutions to improve health in rural areas should do which of the following?

I. Apply a one-size-fits-all approach

II. Address distinct needs

A) I only

B) II only

C) I and II

D) None of these is correct.

13. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Rural places make up the vast majority of all land areas in the US.

B) Rural residents are at increased risks of health effects from climate change.

C) The vitality of rural places is not threatened by the impacts of climate change.

D) Rural areas are often portrayed as pastoral and pristine.

E) Rural areas potentially have better health outcomes as they relate to air quality.

14. Declining populations can have all of the following consequences for rural communities except:

A) changing age structure.

B) increasing tax revenues.

C) limited workforce.

D) declining property value.

E) None of these is correct.

15. Health disparity issues in rural areas can be addressed through:

A) moving rural residents to urban areas.

B) decreased collaboration across systems and geography.

C) decreased workforce incentives.

D) telemedicine.

E) None of these is correct.

True/False

1. True or False? Rural areas are not home to significant environmental factors that can detrimentally impact health.

2. True or False? The differences between rural and urban areas does not lead to important differences in opportunities for health.

3. True or False? Rural areas tend to have better water quality but poorer air quality compared to urban areas.

4. True or False? Rural residents make up more than one-fifth of the US population.

5. True or False? Rural areas have lower rates of particulate matter in the air, leading to better air quality.

6. True or False? Rural areas have less limited access to broadband internet and cellular connectivity.

7. True or False? The most common jobs in the rural areas are similar to the most common jobs in the urban areas.

8. True or False? Sociodemographic characteristics should determine health outcomes for rural residents.

9. True or False? Structural racism is when groups of people are systematically treated differently through overt and covert policies, programs, and behaviors.

10. True or False? Factors that contribute to the health of rural residents are independent of each other.

11. True or False? What works to improve the determinants of health in one rural area is definitely effective in another rural area.

12. True or False? Healthcare shortages in rural areas is particularly challenging in specialty care.

13. True or False? Medical care is not an important component of health.

14. True or False? To the extent that health behaviors influence health outcomes, rural residents face a different set of exposures and choices related to behaviors, compared with urban residents.

15. True or False? Jobs that are more common in the rural areas tend to put employees at a higher risk of workplace injuries.

Essay

1. The health of rural and urban populations differ. Explain.

2. The impacts of climate change threaten to have disproportionate effects on the vitality of rural places. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your opinion.

3. With changing demographics in rural communities, opportunities to engage older adults in intergenerational community efforts will be essential. Explain.