Ch18 Statistical Quality Control Test Bank Answers

File: Ch18, Chapter 18: Statistical Quality Control

True/False

1. One definition that captures the spirit of most quality efforts in the business world is that quality results when a product delivers what is stipulated for it in its specifications.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

2. Quality control is the collection of strategies, techniques, and actions taken by an organization to assure itself that it is producing a quality product.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

3. Quality control can be undertaken in two distinct ways: after-process control and before-process control.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

4. Inspecting the attributes of a finished product to determine whether the product is acceptable, is in need of rework, or is to be rejected is called after-process quality control.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

5. Measuring product attributes at regular intervals throughout the manufacturing process in an effort to pinpoint problem areas is called in-process quality control.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

6. The strategy called Total Quality Management (TQM) was embodied in the principles advocated by the well-known quality guru, W. Edwards Deming.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

7. W. Edwards Deming was a quality guru whose principles of quality management can be summarized through four basic tenets, or “Absolutes”.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

8. The Six Sigma approach essentially calls for the process to approach defect-free status.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

9. Six Sigma is a methodology for quality and does not relate to a measurement value of the process.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

10. A quality circle is a round-table of top-level quality managers.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

11. A schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process is called a flowchart.

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

12. A Pareto chart is a diagnostic tool that displays possible causes of a quality problem and the interrelationships among the causes.

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

13. A control chart is used to control the flow of materials into a process.

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

14. A scatter diagram is a graphical mechanism for examining the relationship between two variables.

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

15. In a flow chart, an oval represents a start or stop in the process.

Ans: True

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

16. Another name for a cause-and-effect diagram is a herringbone diagram.

Ans: False

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

17. Control charts are used to examine the output of a process for disturbing patterns or for data points that indicate that the process is out of control.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

18. If no variation occurred between manufactured items, the resulting points on a control chart would form a horizontal line.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

19. Two general types of control charts are (1) control charts for manufactured items and (2) control charts for services.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

20. Two general types of control charts are (1) control charts for measurements and (2) control charts for compliance items.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

21. A c chart used for statistical quality control is a chart that shows the count of defects in the process output.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

22. If a process is in control, less than 0.3% of all the points that represent the process output such as the average measurement or the proportion defective should be beyond the upper and lower control limits.

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

Multiple Choice

23. According to Garvin, transcendent quality implies that a product __________.

a) conforms to design and engineering specifications

b) has an innate excellence

c) has no measurable attributes

d) is fit for the consumer's intended use

e) has measurable attributes

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Events.

24. According to Garvin, product quality is ____________________.

a) value perceived by the customer

b) an innate excellence of the product

c) not measurable in the product

d) fitness for the consumer's intended use

e) measurable in the product

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

25. A recognized brand name product means higher quality to many consumers. Among Garvin’s five quality types, this is an example of ___________________.

a) measurable quality

b) transcendent quality

c) product quality

d) manufacturing-based quality

e) value quality

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

26. Higher output wattage means higher quality to some consumers of audio amplifiers. Among Garvin’s five quality types, this is an example of ______________.

a) user quality

b) transcendent quality

c) product quality

d) manufacturing-based quality

e) value quality

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

27. A manufacturer of washing machines that through its programming, promotes lower water usage per load cycle when compared to the average brand. Among Garvin’s five quality types, this is an example of ________.

a) user quality

b) transcendent quality

c) product quality

d) manufacturing-based quality

e) value quality

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

28. Reengineering is ___________________________.

a) a fine-tuning of the present process

b) downsizing of a company

c) another name for Deming's 14 points

d) the complete redesign of core business processes

e) incremental improvement of a core process

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

29. Which of the following statements best describes Design for Six Sigma?

a) A process for designing a quality improvement team.

b) The measure and improve steps of a six sigma initiative.

c) A framework for implementing Deming’s 14 points.

d) A root cause analysis using 100% inspection.

e) A quality scheme that emphasizes designing the product or process to perform defect-free.

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

30. Failure Mode Effect Analysis is best described as _________.

a) a quality scheme for building a failure free product or process.

b) a descriptive tool for analyzing measurement data and identifying failures.

c) a new approach to identifying potential failures.

d) a methodology for identifying the potential negative outcomes related to the failure of a

specific product or process.

e) an approach to business making which minimizes failures through quality circles

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

31. A company that uses benchmarking as a quality improvement practice will ________.

a) emulate the best practices and techniques used in their industry

b) institutionalize the not-invented-here philosophy

c) not analyze the competition's product

d) rely exclusively on government research for product improvements

e) be in the furniture business

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

32. An advantage of a just-in-time inventory system is _________.

a) fewer managerial controls on inventory

b) lower inventory holding costs

c) larger shipment and production lots

d) fewer orders per operational year

e) more inspection and handling of materials

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

33. Which of the following is not a quality control diagnostic technique?

a) c control chart

b) 14 points

b) Flowchart

c) Scatter diagram

d) control chart

e) cause-and-effect diagram

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

34. According to the following Pareto chart, the most common complaint was ______.

a) user interface

b) speaker quality

c) camera

d) size

e) all of the above

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

35. The Pareto principle would suggest that a quality

improvement team focus their efforts on which of the following complaints?

a) user interface only

b) user interface and speaker quality

c) user interface, speaker quality and camera

d) speaker quality and camera

e) all of the complaints should be a focus

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

36. Imagine a cause-and-effect diagram had five elements listed at the end of each line, either at the head of the diagram or at the end of each “bone” of the diagram. These elements were transportation, enforcement, late arrivals, policy, and attitude. Of these, which would be most likely to be at the head of the diagram?

a) transportation

b) enforcement

c) late arrivals

d) policy

e) attitude

Ans: c

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

37. In many public restrooms, management will keep a sheet on the back of the door noting the times that the restroom is to be cleaned as the column headings and each row denoting a step of the cleaning to be completed. This would be an example of a __________.

a) Pareto chart

b) histogram

c) scatter plot

d) check sheet

e) control chart

Ans: d

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

38. A histogram is often used by researchers to gain a(n) _______________ of the data.

a) initial overview

b) in-depth analysis

c) statistically significant view

d) sense of the mean

e) view of the dispersion

Ans: a

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

39. Which of the following is not usually an activity that would be included in a flowchart?

a) starting point

b) processing step

c) decision points

d) person responsible

e) input

Ans: d

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

40. A flowchart can help identify ___________ within the ____________.

a) problems; process

b) processes; activities

c) main causes; problems

d) most frequent problem; activities

e) dispersion; process

Ans: a

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

41. In reviewing a flowchart, a company would not be able to determine ____________ in a process.

a) the various start points

b) how many steps are

c) the total time for all activities

d) the decision points

e) the various inputs needed

Ans: c

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

42. The main difference between a histogram and a Pareto chart is the ____________.

a) values on the y axis

b) order of categories on the x axis

c) colors used to distinguish differences

d) type of data that can be used to create each graph

e) direction of the bars, either vertical or horizontal

Ans: b

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

43. Working from a Pareto chart, a company wants to address the two most common causes of interruptions in the company’s production process. Managers should focus on the _____________ of the chart.

a) width of each bar

b) bars to the far right

c) shortest bars

d) bars to the far left

e) tallest bar

Ans: d

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

44. If a manufacturer is looking to determine the causes of declining productivity, the company might first complete a ___________ to identify potential causes, and then create a ______________ to find which causes are most common.

a) scatter plot; histogram

b) Pareto chart; histogram

c) cause-and-effect diagram; Pareto chart

d) Pareto chart; cause-and-effect diagram

e) histogram; Pareto chart

Ans: c

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

45. Say a manufacturer maintains a control chart of the overall product process and determines that the process is out of control too often across all shifts. Managers could most effectively start to determine potential causes by creating a ______________.

a) histogram with shifts along the x axis

b) cause-and-effect diagram for one shift

c) scatter plot with shifts on the x axis and causes on the y axis

d) Pareto chart with shifts along the x axis

e) check sheet with shifts as columns and causes as rows

Ans: e

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

46. A quality circle studying the problem of incorrect prices on purchase orders identified several potential causes: incorrect information from requesting department, out-of-date catalogs from suppliers, defective computer software, and worker practices in the purchasing department. These potential cause-and-effect relationships are best illustrated by a _______________.

a) check list

b) Pareto chart

c) control chart

d) point-and-figure chart

e) Fishbone diagram

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

47. Upper and lower control limits are usually based upon _______.

a) ± 3 standard deviations

b) ± 2 standard deviations

c) ± 1 standard deviation

d) ± 4 standard deviations

e) ± 6 standard deviations

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

48. A graph that displays computed means for a series of small random samples over a period of time is called a(n) _______.

a) chart

b) R chart

c) p chart

d) c chart

e) S chart

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

49. A plot of the sample ranges over regular time intervals is called a(n) _______.

a) chart

b) R chart

c) p chart

d) c chart

e) S chart

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

50. An chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each. The average of 15 sample means is 6.20. The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30. The upper control limit is _______________.

a) 6.301

b) 6.267

c) 6.133

d) 6.099

e) 6.312

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

51. An chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each. The average of 15 sample means is 6.20. The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30. The lower control limit is _______________.

a) 6.301

b) 6.267

c) 6.133

d) 6.099

e) 6.312

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

52. An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45. The sample sizes were 9 each. What would the upper control limit be?

a) 0.8172

b) 0.6012

c) 0.0828

d) 0.1566

e) 0.7434

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

53. An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45. The sample sizes were 9 each. What would the lower control limit be?

a) 0.8172

b) 0.6012

c) 0.0828

d) 0.1566

e) 0.7434

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

54. An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60. This was based on several samples of size 7 each. What would the lower control limit be?

a) 0.046

b) 0.000

c) 1.154

d) 4.200

e) 0.004

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

55. An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60. This was based on several samples of size 7 each. What would the upper control limit be?

a) 1.514

b) 1.924

c) 4.200

d) 0.600

e) 1.154

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

56. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The centerline for her chart is _________.

a) 5

b) 26

c) 0.15

d) 11.2

e) 112

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

57. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The upper control limit for her chart is ________.

a) 112.09

b) 5.087

c) 26.087

d) 115.90

e) 110.09

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

58. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The lower control limit for her chart is ____.

a) 25.913

b) 4.913

c) 111.91

d) 108.10

e) 112.84

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

59. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The centerline for her R chart is ____.

a) 0.15

b) 26

c) 5

d) 112

e) 15

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

60. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The upper control limit for her R chart is ____.

a) 0.150

b) 10.57

c) 0.317

d) 2.114

e) 0.713

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

61. Sarah Soliz, Director of Quality Programs, is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel. She has 26 samples of rod length, and each sample included measurements of 5 rods. The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches, and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch. The lower control limit for her R chart is ____.

a) 0.150

b) 0.000

c) 0.317

d) 2.114

e) 1.000

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

62. A graph that plots the proportions of items in noncompliance for multiple samples is called a(n) _______.

a) chart

b) R chart

c) p chart

d) c chart

e) Pareto chart

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

63. A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The value of p is calculated to be 0.05. The sample size is 50. What would the upper control limit be?

a) 0.142

b) -0.042

c) 0.408

d) 0.092

e) 0.642

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

64. A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The value of p is calculated to be 0.54. The sample size is 249. What would the upper control limit be?

a) 0.5941

b) 0.6348

c) 0.4452

d) 0.5460

e) 0.5340

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

65. A p chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The value of p is calculated to be 0.54. The sample size is 249. What would the lower control limit be?

a) 0.5941

b) -0.6348

c) 0.4452

d) -0.5460

e) 0.5340

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

66. Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans. Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05. The centerline for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

a) 30

b) 0.50

c) 50

d) 1.5

e) 0.05

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

67. Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans. Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05. The upper control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

a) 0.0925

b) 0.0500

c) 0.0308

d) 0.1825

e) 0.1425

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

68. Ophelia O'Brien, VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB), is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data include the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans. Each sample contains 50 loans, and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05. The lower control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

a) 0.0000

b) 0.0204

c) 0.0308

d) 0.0149

e) -1.0000

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

69. Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West. He has the proportion of defective orders for 22 samples of purchase orders. Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The centerline for Nels's p chart is ___________.

a) 0.08

b) 75

c) 22

d) 1.76

e) 0.008

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

70. Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West. He has the proportion of defective orders for 22 samples of purchase orders. Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The upper control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

a) 0.1736

b) 0.1465

c) 0.1312

d) 0.0940

e) 0.1845

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

71. Nels Neugent, Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center, is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West. He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders. Each sample contains 150 purchase orders, and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The lower control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

a) 0.0447

b) 0.0283

c) 0.0135

d) 0.0000

e) 0.5090

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

72. A graph that plots the number of nonconformances per item for multiple samples is called a(n) _______.

a) chart

b) R chart

c) p chart

d) c chart

e) Pareto chart

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

73. Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January – December last year was 37. The centerline for Jake's c chart is ___________.

a) 3.08

b) 37

c) 8.35

d) -2.18

e) 0.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

74. Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January – December last year was 37. The upper control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

a) 3.08

b) 37

c) 8.35

d) -2.18

e) 0.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

75. Jake Flanaghan, Vice President for the inpatient pharmacy at Great Atlantic Medical Center, is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January – December last year was 37. The lower control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

a) 3.08

b) 37

c) 8.35

d) -2.18

e) 0.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

76. Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91. The centerline for Jack's c chart is ___________.

a) 117.00

b) 0.2857

c) 3.50

d) 65.00

e) 26.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

77. Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91. The upper control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

a) 9.11

b) 13.40

c) 3.50

d) 7.61

e) 1.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

78. Jack Joyner, Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC), is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91. The lower control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

a) 1.37

b) -2.11

c) 3.50

d) -1.00

e) 0.00

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

79. Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is, potentially, out-of-control?

a) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL

b) a data point above the LCL

c) a data point below the UCL

d) an upward trend of nine data points

e) a data point in the outer 1/3 region

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

80. Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

a) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL

b) a data point below the LCL

c) a data point below the UCL

d) a data point in the outer 1/3 region

e) a data point on the center line

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

81. Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

a) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL

b) a data point above the LCL

c) a data point above the UCL

d) a data point in the outer 1/3 region

e) a data point on the center line

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

82. You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines. To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days. The results are shown below.

Day Mean Range Day Mean Range__

1 92.11 80 11 100.70 89

2 90.67 77 12 96.67 77

3 89.44 73 13 97.33 75

4 93.33 81 14 95.89 80

5 89.44 71 15 98.89 68

6 110.20 90 16 101.22 88

7 104.10 120 17 107.33 81

8 108.20 93 18 108.00 95

9 107.70 98 19 106.89 77

10 112.70 145 20 109.89 80

The centerline for your chart is _________.

a) 112.70

b) 106.7

c) 101.035

d) 100

e) 110

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

83. You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines. To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days. The results are shown below.

Day Mean Range Day Mean Range__

1 92.11 80 11 100.70 89

2 90.67 77 12 96.67 77

3 89.44 73 13 97.33 75

4 93.33 81 14 95.89 80

5 89.44 71 15 98.89 68

6 110.20 90 16 101.22 88

7 104.10 120 17 107.33 81

8 108.20 93 18 108.00 95

9 107.70 98 19 106.89 77

10 112.70 145 20 109.89 80

The upper control limit for your chart is ________.

a) 112.70

b) 116.18

c) 130.32

d) 145

e) 121.3

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

84. You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines. To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days. The results are shown below.

Day Mean Range Day Mean Range__

1 92.11 80 11 100.70 89

2 90.67 77 12 96.67 77

3 89.44 73 13 97.33 75

4 93.33 81 14 95.89 80

5 89.44 71 15 98.89 68

6 110.20 90 16 101.22 88

7 104.10 120 17 107.33 81

8 108.20 93 18 108.00 95

9 107.70 98 19 106.89 77

10 112.70 145 20 109.89 80

The lower control limit for your chart is ________.

a) 89.44

b) 92.11

c) 73

d) 71.75

e) 60.5

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

85. You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines. To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days. The results are shown below. The mean of the 9 sample means is 101.03, and the mean of the 9 ranges is 86.9. The results are shown below.

Day Mean Range Day Mean Range__

1 92.11 80 11 100.70 89

2 90.67 77 12 96.67 77

3 89.44 73 13 97.33 75

4 93.33 81 14 95.89 80

5 89.44 71 15 98.89 68

6 110.20 90 16 101.22 88

7 104.10 120 17 107.33 81

8 108.20 93 18 108.00 95

9 107.70 98 19 106.89 77

10 112.70 145 20 109.89 80

From the chart we conclude that________.

a) the glucose level is not in control for the nine patients on the diet and exercise program.

b) the glucose level means over the 20-day period fall within the control limits for the nine patients on the diet and exercise program.

c) exactly one mean is out of the control limits

d) some of the patients are not on a strict diet and exercise routine.

e) exactly two patients are out of the control limits

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

86. You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines. To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients, you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days. The mean of the 9 sample means is 101.03, and the mean of the 9 standard deviations is 29.243. The lower control limit for your chart is ________.

a) 70.85

b) 92.11

c) 73

d) 71.75

e) 60.5

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

87. Reengineering ______.

a) calls for continuous improvement

b) aims to improve quality considering the present limitations or constraints of the company

c) involves the suboptimization of functional units with the goal to optimize the productive process as a whole

d) involves determining what the company would be like if it could start from scratch

e) involves exclusively a top-down approach

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

88. Six sigma ______.

a) calls for continuous improvement

b) only applies to the manufacturing industries

c) involves determining what the company would be like if it could start from scratch

d) involves long-term quality-improvement projects

e) is aimed at achieving defect-free processes

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

89. Six sigma ______.

a) requires that ±3σ (a total width of 6σ) of the product be within specification

b) requires that 99.5% of the product be within specification

c) contains a formalized problem-solving approach called Bayesian approach

d) contains a formalized problem-solving called the DMAIC process

e) involves training only production upper- and middle-level managers

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

90. Lean manufacturing doesn’t focus on which of the following wastes?

a) transportation

b) inventory

c) excessive training

d) overproduction

e) processing

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

91. Which of the following is not one of Deming’s 14 points?

a) Break down barriers between staff areas

b) Adjust numerical quotas

c) Institute training

d) Eliminate slogans

e) Institute leadership

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

92. Which of the following is not true or accurate about Poka-Yoke?

a) It’s always prevention-based

b) Assumes that causes of defects lie in worker errors

c) It’s used in continuous improvement

d) It means “mistake proofing”

e) It was developed by a Japanese industrial engineer

Response: See section 18.1 Introduction to Quality Control

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.1: Explain the meaning of quality in business, compare the approaches to quality improvement by various quality gurus and movements, and compare different approaches to controlling the quality of a product, including benchmarking, just-in-time inventory systems, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, reengineering, poka-yoke, Value Stream Mapping, and Kaizen Event.

93. A flowchart does not include ______.

a) decision points

b) time required for each activity

c) start point

d) a flowline

e) activities

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

94. The flowchart symbol for a decision point is ______.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

95. The flowchart start/stop symbol is ______.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

96. A fishbone diagram is a ______.

a) quantitative tallying of the numbers and types of defects

b) schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process

c) cause-and-effect diagram

d) graphical method for evaluating whether a process is or is not in a state of statistical control

e) type of checklist

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

97. The most appropriate graphical tool to identify the potential root causes of an error in a production process is a ______.

a) check list

b) Pareto chart

c) fishbone diagram

d) point-and-figure chart

e) control chart

Response: See section 18.2 Process Analysis

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.2: Compare various tools that identify, categorize, and solve problems in the quality improvement process, including flowcharts, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, check sheets, histograms, and scatter charts.

98. For a p chart, UCL = 0.64 and LCL = 0.32. Then p = ______.

a) There is not enough information to determine p

b) 0.97

c) 0.96

d) 0.48

e) 0.32

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

99. For a p chart, UCL = 0.64 and LCL = 0.32. Then q = ______.

a) There is not enough information to determine q

b) 0.03

c) 0.04

d) 0.52

e) 0.68

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

100. For a p chart, UCL = 0.64 and LCL = 0.32. Then the overall percentage of compliant items
is ______%.

a) There is not enough information to determine q

b) 32

c) 48

d) 52

e) 96

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

101. For a p chart, UCL = 0.64 and LCL = 0.32. The standard deviation of the proportions
is ______.

a) There is not enough information to determine the standard deviation of the proportions

b) 0.32

c) 0.16

d) 0.14

e) 0.05

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.

102. For a p chart, the standard deviation of the proportions is 0.079057. The number of items in each sample is 30. Then p is ______.
a) There is not enough information to determine p

b) 0.25

c) 0.33

d) 0.45

e) 0.48

Response: See section 18.3 Control Charts

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 18.3: Measure variation among manufactured items using various control charts, including charts, R charts, p charts, and c charts.