Lecturer MCQs

Chapter 18: Illness and personality

1. Engel (1977) proposed a biopsychosocial model (BPSM) that ______.

a. offers an open invitation to health care practitioners to consider psychological and social experience as complementary with the biological condition of the physical body

b. does not meet the necessary criteria for a scientific model which would be the capability to explain and predict observed phenomena

c. has provided a rationale, a banner for the role of emotion, thought and behaviour in the study of health and illness

d. all of these

2. In England in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries it was widely believed that the ______ man would not get plague.

a. happy

b. prideful

c. rich

d. clean

3. Tuberculosis (TB) was often thought to be a disease brought on by ______.

a. unrequited love

b. consumption

c. deep sadness

d. all of these

4. What is it called when the investigator selects only positive, confirming evidence for publication from a larger array of findings and fails to reveal the existence of negative, disconfirming evidence?

a. Data mining

b. Type 1 error

c. Fabrication

d. Type 2 error

5. Extraversion/introversion are part of ______ personality traits.

a. the Big 7

b. the Big 5

c. broad scale

d. Western

6. Of the following statements which best summarises the conclusion of reviews of prospective studies into the relationship between hostility and heart disease?

a. No relationship has been convincingly demonstrated.

b. A weak relationship has been demonstrated both for initially healthy individuals and for those already diagnosed as at risk.

c. A weak relationship has been demonstrated for initially healthy individuals but not for those already diagnosed as at risk.

d. No relationship has been demonstrated for initially healthy individuals but a weak.

7. Psychological characteristics may be linked to illness, either by way of physiological variables with which they are associated, or more indirectly, by way of their relationship to ______.

a. health behaviour

b. childhood disease

c. genetics

d. none of these

8. Which of the following statements best summarises the results of large scale prospective studies examining the relationship between depression and the subsequent incidence of cancer, including mortality?

a. No major studies have found a significant relationship.

b. Some major studies have found a significant relationship but most have not.

c. Most major studies have found a significant relationship but some have not.

d. All major studies have found a significant relationship.

9. In the research of Surtees et al. (2003) on sense of coherence and health, what did they find to be the reduction in mortality from all causes for those with a strong sense of coherence?

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 30%

d. 40%

10. According to the meta-analysis of Kern and Friedman (2008) what is the average correlation found between the Big Five factor of conscientiousness and longevity?

a. 0.11

b. 0.21

c. 0.31

d. 0.41