Ch.16 Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy Test Bank Docx

CHAPTER 16—ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The best way to reduce our unnecessary waste of energy is to improve _____.

2. Unnecessary energy waste costs the United States an average of _____

3. What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted?

4. What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted unnecessarily?

5. Which of the following is least likely to waste large amounts of energy and money when used?

6. What is the least feasible method for industries to cut energy waste?

7. Switching the United States to a smart electric grid would save the U.S. economy what amount per year over the next 20 years?

8. The hidden costs of gasoline amount to how much per gallon?

9. What is not considered to be a hidden cost of a gallon of gasoline?

10. What is not an effective means of saving energy in transportation?

11. The weakness of electric cars is their ____.

12. Fuel efficiency for all types of cars would nearly double if ____.

13. Orienting a building to face the sun in order that solar energy is used to help heat the building, would save what percentage of its heating costs?

14. What is not an effective means of improving the energy efficiency of buildings?

15. Cutting down on energy waste has many benefits, yet few people take advantage of the cost savings. What is the least likely reason for this anomaly?

16. Which country gets 95% of its energy from renewable sources?

17. Which of the following is not true of heating a house with passive or active solar energy?

18. The chief ingredient of most solar cells is ____.

19. What is the world’s fastest growing way to produce electricity?

20. Which of the following is not a means to cool a building naturally?

21. Which of the following is a disadvantage of hydroelectric plants?

22. Which of the following cannot (at least currently) be used to generate electricity directly?

23. What is the world’s leading renewable energy source used to produce electricity?

24. Which country is not one of the top four producers of hydropower?

25. What is the world’s single largest human-caused source of methane?

26. Which country currently gets almost half of its electricity by burning wood and agricultural waste for cogeneration?

27. A 2009 study estimates that the United States has enough wind power potential to produce _____ times its current electricity needs.

28. A 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior study indicates that wind farms off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts could generation enough electricity to eliminate all ____.

29. The world's second-fastest-growing energy resource is ____.

30. What is the world’s most energy-efficient country?

31. If all of the corn grown in the U.S. was processed into ethanol each year, the resulting ethanol would meet how much of the U.S. current demand for gasoline?

32. Which of the following is not considered biomass?

33. Growing biomass in plantation settings has some disadvantages. What is not one of these?

34. What percentage of Brazil’s motor vehicles currently run on ethanol or ethanol-gasoline mixtures?

35. In Europe, more than half of all cars run on diesel, primarily because ____.

36. The United States government heavily subsidizes ethanol production from corn because ____.

37. Tapping just 2% of the hot, dry rock geothermal energy in the U.S. could produce how much of the energy needed by the U.S.?

38. The country that is the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity is ____.

39. What is not a viable method of producing hydrogen gas?

40. Which of the following is true about hydrogen?

41. Experts have concluded that the best way to make the transition to using mostly renewable energy resources during this century is a combination of improved energy efficiency and the carefully regulated use of ____.

42. Experts suggest in the next few decades, we will probably shift from our current model of producing electricity to which of the following?

43. China and the United States, combined, use what percentage of the world’s energy?

44. Many energy analysts argue that one of the most important steps that governments can take to level the economic playing field for energy resources is to ____.

45. Why does cloudy Germany have more solar water heaters and solar cell panels than sunny France and Spain?

46. Large numbers of birds killed each year by various hazards. How many are killed by wind turbines?

47. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that the wind farms in North Dakota, Kansas, and Texas could meet the electricity needs of ____.

48. What is the least likely effect of reducing unnecessary energy waste?

49. Solar cells have many advantages. What is not one of these?

50. Anela Belcher, materials scientist at MIT, is working on a novel new type of battery based on which of the following?

1. The United States wastes almost none of its energy.

2. Of all commercial energy used in the United States, roughly 35% is wasted.

3. Coal fired power plants waste about two-thirds of the energy released by burning the coal.

4. Cogeneration in Denmark produces a majority of its electricity.

5. Green building certification now exists in more than 100 countries around the world.

6. Photovoltaic cells do not produce any of the greenhouse or acid gas emissions associated with electricity generated by the combustion of fossil fuels.

7. Molten salt systems allow solar thermal power plants to produce electricity around the clock.

8. Several underwater turbines have been installed to tap the tidal flow of the East River in New York City.

9. According to the United Nations, about 60% of all the world’s potential for hydropower has been developed.

10. Wind power is the second fastest growing source of energy worldwide.

11. If all costs are included for all sources, wind power is the cheapest way to produce electricity.

12. 2.7 billion people in 77 less developed countries are facing a fuelwood crisis, requiring them to cut down wood faster than it can be replaced.

13. Geothermal heat pumps and geothermal exchange may be used to tap the geothermal energy stored in the earth's mantle.

14. Because of their abundance and artificially low prices, fossil fuels will continue to be used in large quantities in the future.

15. By the end of this century, solar cells will be the world’s number one source of electricity according to the chief engineer for General Electric.

1. Huge ____ use only about 10% of the electrical energy they pull off the grid. The other 90% ends up as low-quality heat that flows into the environment.

2. Designing buildings based on energy-efficient, resource-efficient, and money-saving designs is referred to as ____________________.

3. An energy-efficient, digitally controlled, ultra-high-voltage system with superefficient transmission lines is referred to as a(n) ____________________.

4. A(n) ____________________ would require buyers of fuel-inefficient vehicles to pay a high fee, and the resulting revenues would be given to buyers of fuel-efficient vehicles as rebates.

5. A(n) ____________________ is a device that uses hydrogen gas as a fuel to produce electricity.

6. A(n) _______________ solar heating system captures energy from the sun by pumping a heat absorbing fluid through special collectors.

7. ____________________ automatically adjust the tint of glass to reflect or absorb light.

8. One or more groups of suitcase sized ____________________ generators can be placed in any stream or river without altering its course and be used to produce electricity around the clock.

9. Analysts expect an increased number of ____________________ wind farms because of steadier air flow.

10. Brazil makes its ethanol from ____________________, a residue produced when sugarcane is crushed.

11. A better alternative to using corn for the production of ethanol is ____________________ ethanol, produced from the inedible biomass of most plants.

12. A(n) ____________________ uses the temperature differential between the surface and 3-6 meters underground to heat and cool a house.

13. Heat energy stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earth’s mantle that can be tapped as a resource is called ____________________.

14. The world’s largest producer of electricity from geothermal electricity from ____________________ is the United States.

15. Because hydrogen must be produced using other forms of energy, it has a(n) ____________________ net energy yield.

1. The promotion that hybrid cars do not contribute to climate change because they do not emit carbon dioxide is correct, but misleading. Explain why this statement is misleading.

2. How can hydrothermal reservoirs be tapped?

3. Why are many Midwest farmers and ranchers welcoming wind farms and becoming developers?

4. What is a fuel-wood crisis?

5. What can individuals do to shift to more sustainable energy use?

1. Discuss why the use of large scale hydropower plants will fall slowly over the next several decades.

2. What are some of the major problems with using cellulosic ethanol? How do these affect its potential use?

3. What are the three challenges in turning the vision of hydrogen as a fuel into a reality?

4. What are the three general conclusions scientists and energy experts have determined regarding possible energy futures?

5. Discuss the three strategies governments can use to help stimulate or reduce the short-term and long-term use of a particular energy resource.