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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which statement best describes the recreational habits of children from families living in poverty?

	a.	They pay recreational centre fees to escape from their homes.
	b.	They participate less often in organized sports than children from wealthier homes.
	c.	They are more likely to play unorganized sports than other children.
	d.	They are less likely to watch television than other children.

2. Which statement best describes individuals on social assistance?

	a.	Most people on welfare do not want to work.
	b.	Welfare rates are often more than the low income cut-off.
	c.	Working is always more financially beneficial than welfare.
	d.	Working can result in becoming worse off financially.

3. Which term refers to the uncertainty that a person can buy enough nutritious food he or she likes, or the inability to do so?

	a.	food insecurity
	b.	malnutrition
	c.	starvation
	d.	an empty cupboard

4. In the early years of European settlement in Canada, what did the poor depend on for help?

	a.	the federal government
	b.	local poverty programs
	c.	the Canadian safety net
	d.	their family

5. The Market Basket Measure (MBM) is the cost of a basket of goods that includes food, shelter, clothing, and other basic needs. This measure accounts for which kind of variation?

	a.	individual
	b.	family
	c.	regional
	d.	national

6. According to the text, what do neoliberal policies do?

	a.	decrease free-market systems
	b.	increase social support
	c.	weaken social welfare systems
	d.	increase unemployment

7. What does the Statistics Canada low income cut-off take into account?

	a.	province
	b.	family size
	c.	age of family members
	d.	sex of family members

8. When were most of the social security programs now available in Canada established?

	a.	before World War I
	b.	during the Great Depression
	c.	after World War II
	d.	since 1980

9. According to the text, which of the following is likely for poor children?

	a.	to live in unsafe neighbourhoods
	b.	to live in well-functioning families
	c.	to find a mentor who provides a good role model
	d.	to have parents who combine firmness and consideration

10. What does “breadth of poverty” mean?

	a.	how long poverty lasts
	b.	aspects surrounding poverty like illiteracy
	c.	permanency of homelessness
	d.	how far below the poverty line one falls

11. Which statement best describes those who move out of poverty?

	a.	They are likely to go from a two-adult household to a one-adult household.
	b.	They are likely to be women who have upgraded their skills.
	c.	They are likely to go from a one-adult to a two-adult, two-earner household.
	d.	They are likely to be women who are in a workfare program.

12. In 2005, which group had 33 percent of households defined as food insecure?

	a.	Indigenous people
	b.	people in Newfoundland
	c.	people with disabilities
	d.	people in rural areas

13. What is the social safety net?

	a.	basic social security programs needed to support family life
	b.	programs that protect law-abiding citizens from criminals
	c.	policies designed to eliminate poverty and unemployment
	d.	a law that prohibits individuals from acts that would hurt society

14. What is absolute poverty?

	a.	lacking the minimum basic requirements necessary for physical survival
	b.	a definition of poverty based on comparing individuals or families to others in the population
	c.	living in poverty for over 75 percent of one’s lifetime
	d.	a state of poverty that is passed on from generation to generation

15. Which statement best describes poverty?

	a.	Poor people are shy to admit they live in poverty.
	b.	It is an individual choice.
	c.	It only exists in large urban centres.
	d.	It is not evenly spread.

16. What is one of the problems with job-creation efforts?

	a.	People would much rather live on welfare.
	b.	No retraining is offered to welfare recipients.
	c.	The training courses offered take too long to complete.
	d.	Many of the jobs pay low wages.

17. What percentage of women with a disability live in poverty?

	a.	fewer than 5 percent
	b.	nearly 15 percent
	c.	over 20 percent
	d.	over 30 percent

18. Which statement best describes homeless families?

	a.	They are almost all psychiatric patients who have been discharged to the community.
	b.	They consist of transient unemployed men, much like those in the 1930s.
	c.	They rarely include families, women, or children.
	d.	They are largely led by single mothers.

19. What is the effect of poverty on the education of poor children?

	a.	Despite the challenge, most will graduate from high school.
	b.	Many studies have found that poverty does not affect the education of poor children.
	c.	Because it is an opportunity to escape poverty, poor children are more likely to do well in school.
	d.	Poor children are often not as ready for school as others because of limited experiences, as well as physical and health problems.

20. Which of the following is a method of screening applicants to ensure that only those who need financial assistance receive it?

	a.	social security screening
	b.	clawback
	c.	financial review
	d.	means test

21. Which term refers to the condition of being unable to access adequate and secure income that can ensure healthy lives, free from significant financial worries?

	a.	minimum pay
	b.	working poverty
	c.	wage insecurity
	d.	income insecurity

22. There are no exact figures for the number of homeless people in Canada. What is a conservative estimate of the number of homeless Canadians in any given night?

	a.	25,000
	b.	30,000
	c.	40,000
	d.	50,000

23. In Canada, the low income cut-off is a measure of which type of poverty?

	a.	absolute poverty
	b.	transitional poverty
	c.	relative poverty
	d.	generational poverty

24. Which factor contributes to poverty of Indigenous families?

	a.	alcoholism
	b.	high levels of divorced families
	c.	high levels of employment
	d.	lower levels of education

25. Which statement best describes conditions in shelters for the homeless?

	a.	Conditions are usually worse in women’s shelters than in men’s.
	b.	Conditions offer the homeless a sense of being cared for.
	c.	Conditions do not favour family living because of lack of privacy.
	d.	Conditions are made worse for psychiatric patients by the numbers of children admitted.

26. Which family is least likely to be living in poverty?

	a.	a lone-mother family with one child
	b.	a married couple with both employed
	c.	a married couple with one earner and two children
	d.	an elderly widow

27. What is one disadvantage for families when they move from welfare to paid employment?

	a.	They start to earn more money and spend more than they earn.
	b.	They spend less time together as a family.
	c.	They can lose benefits tied to income levels, such as subsidized housing.
	d.	They have more difficulty finding proper daycare.

28. Prior to the development of the social safety net, which of the following ideas was generally held?

	a.	Poor people should be able to retain some dignity.
	b.	Poverty was the result of social inequality and exploitation.
	c.	Asking for financial help should be easy.
	d.	Help should be less than the most poorly paid worker earned.

29. Why is duration of poverty important?

	a.	The farther below the poverty line, the harder it is to provide basic needs.
	b.	The longer poverty lasts, the harder it is to make ends meet.
	c.	Individuals usually do not have any resources to tide them over.
	d.	Individuals are likely to experience food insecurity.

30. According to the text, when food runs short what do mothers do?

	a.	look for employment
	b.	ask fathers for help
	c.	sell sex, drugs, or stolen goods
	d.	miss meals to feed their children

31. Which term refers to John and his family, who are homeless after a fire that destroyed their apartment and all their possessions?

	a.	chronically homeless
	b.	cyclically homeless
	c.	temporarily homeless
	d.	discreditably homeless

32. Which of the following is least likely to be given as a reason for the increase in homelessness?

	a.	changes in eligibility for welfare
	b.	drug and alcohol abuse
	c.	sharp increases in costs of food and other essentials
	d.	shortages in affordable housing

33. Which term refers to jobs that are low-wage, insecure and temporary?

	a.	income insecurity
	b.	precarious employment
	c.	market poverty
	d.	absolute poverty

34. Where are welfare rates at or below the low income cut-off?

	a.	Quebec
	b.	Nunavut
	c.	Alberta
	d.	Ontario

35. Why was little cash provided in the early years of social assistance?

	a.	Poverty was not a major concern.
	b.	Poverty was believed to be a social issue.
	c.	Poverty was a female phenomenon.
	d.	Poverty was believed to result from bad budgeting.

36. According to the text, which group has the highest prevalence of low income?

	a.	living common-law
	b.	divorced family
	c.	female-parent family
	d.	male-parent family

37. Who makes up the largest single group of poor people in Canada?

	a.	lone mothers
	b.	children
	c.	elderly women
	d.	runaway teens

38. According to the text, who is more likely to be in a chronic low-income situation?

	a.	people with psychiatric disorders
	b.	Indigenous families
	c.	unwed teenage mothers
	d.	single mothers

39. Why has there been a decrease in poverty among the elderly?

	a.	because of the availability of the clawback and workfare policies
	b.	because of an increase in the number of seniors who hold jobs
	c.	because of the number of the near-poor in Canadian cities
	d.	because of improved pensions and government benefits

40. In terms of child poverty, Canada is ranked higher than most western European countries but not as high as which country?

	a.	Greece
	b.	Italy
	c.	Australia
	d.	United States

41. What does it mean to say that the face of poverty in Canada is a woman’s face?

	a.	The majority of people living in poverty are women.
	b.	Posters made about poverty depict a woman’s face.
	c.	Women are more likely to be living in poverty.
	d.	Women are not considered in public policy.

42. Stephanie is part of the group of adults in Canada with the largest percentage living below the poverty line. Which of the following describes her status?

	a.	a married mother under the age of 25
	b.	a single adult under the age of 25
	c.	a lone mother
	d.	an elderly widow

43. Why is there a shortage of subsidized housing?

	a.	more subsidized housing being built
	b.	lack of social funding
	c.	increase in the number of poor people
	d.	cheap housing near city centres being gentrified

44. According to the text, what is the phenomenon that describes how elementary school-aged children from lower socioeconomic status stagnate in their learning?

	a.	social dysfunction
	b.	misaligned priorities
	c.	summer slide
	d.	academic disability

45. What is the current trend regarding the number of young homeless people?

	a.	Fewer of them are members of minorities.
	b.	The number is increasing.
	c.	The number is far less than the number of homeless seniors.
	d.	The number is decreasing.

46. In the early days of the “mothers’ allowances,” what happened once women received this social assistance?

	a.	They had to meet once a month with their social worker.
	b.	They could move out of town only if they kept the welfare department informed.
	c.	They were subject to intrusion in their personal lives.
	d.	They received the payments without further review until children were grown.

47. According to the text, how does symbolic interactionism view poverty?

	a.	It looks at what poverty means to those who experience it.
	b.	It views poverty as a social issue.
	c.	It looks at poverty as a dysfunction in the social system.
	d.	It views poverty as an individual choice.

48. What does “depth of poverty” refer to?

	a.	the amount that family or individual income is below the poverty line
	b.	the length of time family income has remained below the poverty line
	c.	the number of families in an area with incomes below the poverty line
	d.	the number of families in the country with incomes below the poverty line

49. Which factor helps explain why recent immigrants have a greater risk of poverty?

	a.	They often have large families to look after and are unable to work long hours.
	b.	Some come from countries with language and customs very different from Canada.
	c.	Many come from countries where they are used to living in poverty.
	d.	They come from cultures that do not value hard work and saving money.

50. In general, how is poverty defined?

	a.	in terms of well-being
	b.	by ability to manage
	c.	by income
	d.	in terms of possessions

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

51. The ____________________ refers to the basic social programs needed to support family life.

52. ____________ are the largest single group of poor people in Canada.

53. The ___________________ is the cost of a basket of goods that includes food, shelter, clothing, and other basic needs.

54. ____________ is a definition of poverty based on comparing individuals or families to others in the population.

55. Jobs that are low-wage, temporary and insecure are known as______________________.

56. Lacking the minimum basic requirements necessary for physical survival is called _______________.

57. _________________ refers to the amount a family or individual income is below the poverty line.

58. ____________________ refers to the condition of being unable to access adequate and secure income that can ensure healthy lives, free from significant financial worries.

59. ____________________is a relative measure defined as the point where a family spends 20 percent more of its income on food, clothing, and shelter.

60. A method of screening applicants to ensure that only those who need financial assistance receive it is the _________________.

61. ________________ is the term used to describe the uncertainty that people can buy enough nutritious food or the actual inability to do so.

62. Explain the difference between depth, breadth, and duration of poverty.

63. List four suggestions to eliminating poverty in Canada.

64. List the three group measures of poverty and compare the advantages and disadvantages of using each.

65. Explain the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty.

66. Give three reasons why homeless women are less noticeable than homeless men.

67. What are the nine priorities of Canada’s Action Plan for Food Security?

68. What factors are used to establish the Statistics Canada low income cut-off points?

69. What is meant by the “working poor”? Give two reasons for poverty in this group.

70. Explain what is meant by the social safety net and give two examples of programs included within it.

71. Describe three causes of homelessness and give a suggested solution for each.

72. Discuss the effects of poverty on children.

73. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of three basic approaches to reducing poverty.

74. The ability of poor families to survive financially and actual homelessness are both closely tied to the cost of housing. Show why this is true.

75. What are policymakers doing to ensure food security among Canadian families?

76. Describe the various measures of poverty in Canada. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each measure?

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Document Type:

DOCX

Chapter Number:

15

Created Date:

Aug 21, 2025

Chapter Name:

Chapter 15 Poverty and the Family

Author:

Marc Belanger

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