Ch14 Verified Test Bank Prioritizing Health And Health Care

Test Bank

Chapter 14: Prioritizing Health and Health Care Inequalities

Multiple Choice

1. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines ______ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

a. health

b. illness

c. disability

d. handicapped

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Understanding Health and Health-Related Social Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which statement describes one of the earliest societal views of illness before the nineteenth century?

a. It was punishment for sinful behavior.

b. It was bad luck.

c. It was predetermined at birth.

d. It was the result of a curse.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What practice of group contact did medieval communities utilize when encountering those afflicted with leprosy?

a. genocide

b. pluralism

c. segregation

d. assimilation

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What social change during the nineteenth century encouraged medical practitioners to see illness as the product of unhealthy decisions made by the afflicted?

a. technology

b. globalization

c. enlightenment

d. scientific medicine

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How are illnesses associated with the upper class regarded?

a. challenging medical conditions

b. moral failure

c. result of overindulgence

d. self-inflicted

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which social factor describes why obesity is stigmatized?

a. It is associated with women.

b. It is associated with the lower class.

c. It is natural, due to evolution, to judge the unfit.

d. It reflects an individual’s inability to regulate themselves.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. ______ is the process of medical professionals taking control of an aspect of human life.

a. Health status

b. Socialization

c. Medicalization

d. Medical regulation

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ occurs when human conditions previously perceived as medical problems no longer fall under the purview of medical institutions.

a. socialization

b. medicalization

c. demedicalization

d. medical regulation

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Demedicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Female hysteria was a common diagnosis in Western Europe and the United States before the twentieth century. Symptoms varied from nervousness to a tendency to cause trouble for others. It became clear that hysteria was a label used to oppress women or explain the discontent and trauma due to their social position. As a result, the American Psychiatric Association abandoned the label of hysteria in 1952. This example illustrates the ______ of a condition.

a. epidemiology

b. demography

c. medicalization

d. demedicalization

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Demedicalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Savannah is a student studying public health. She examines rates of tobacco use and finds that people with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to use tobacco products. She is interested in behavioral interventions and conditions of low socioeconomic status that contribute to tobacco use. To start she should read books related to ______.

a. migration

b. medicalization

c. demedicalization

d. social epidemiology

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How Social Problems Affect Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Durkheim’s work Suicide examined the impact of culture and society on the health of the population. This study can be categorized in the genre of ______.

a. sociology epidemiology

b. medicalization

c. demedicalization

d. fundamental cause theory

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. What theoretical perspective posits that socioeconomic status is a primary determinant of health across different social contexts?

a. conflict

b. functionalism

c. rational choice

d. fundamental cause

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The geographic area of urban and rural populations called ______ are areas where fresh food is not available.

a. food deserts

b. food swamps

c. food marshes

d. food securities

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The geographic area of urban and rural populations called ______ are areas with a high-density of fast food and junk food selling outlets.

a. food deserts

b. food swamps

c. food marshes

d. food securities

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. ______ makes people vulnerable to all kinds of illness due to the hormones it suppresses on the immune system causing damage to neurological development.

a. Diet

b. Stress

c. Income

d. Location

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The opioid crisis is considered a social problem. In the past people who struggled with addictions were seen as people who lacked willpower. Now, it is widely accepted that addiction requires treatment and help from professionals. This example describes the ______ of addiction.

a. socialization

b. medicalization

c. demedicalization

d. regulation

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Which statement is true about the experience of the Black middle class in the United States?

a. Increased socioeconomic status mitigates the effects of racism.

b. Racism negates the benefits of increased socioeconomic status.

c. Middle-class Blacks are more likely than poor Whites to live in predominately White middle-class neighborhoods.

d. Members of the Black middle class live in isolated self-segregated communities.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. People of color are ______ likely than White U.S. residents to have health insurance.

a. just as

b. much less

c. much more

d. neither more nor less

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Socioeconomic status is a primary determination of health across different social contexts. When controlling for socioeconomic status which other social condition can be used to explain inequality in access to health care?

a. racism

b. medicalization

c. Affordable Care Act

d. epidemiology

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. Which statement describes an aspect of racism in the United States health care system?

a. Racial minorities often get less adequate care than Whites.

b. Doctors underestimate the pain of White patients as compared to racial minorities.

c. When controlling for socioeconomic status outcomes are equal among racial groups.

d. The most vulnerable groups get the best care.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. What gendered expectation for women brings them into contact with more medical professionals and more likely to report symptoms of illness?

a. nutrition

b. caregiving

c. breadwinning

d. domestic relationships

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Why do women have a longer life expectancy then men?

a. fundamental biological differences

b. gendered expectations

c. socioeconomic status

d. discrimination in healthcare

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. A majority of people in the United States get their healthcare through ______.

a. Medicare

b. Medicaid

c. employment

d. charitable organizations

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Rhodri is planning for retirement. He saved a substantial amount of money throughout his life, but he still worries about healthcare costs. Which government program can Rhodri opt into to help him with his rising healthcare costs as he ages?

a. Medicaid

b. Medicare

c. patchwork system

d. single-payer health care system

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Nadia is a child with a rare connective tissue disorder. Due to her medical condition she is injured easily and had many surgeries on her joints throughout her life. Her parents are both employed, but the cost of her medical care often surpasses the income they earn per year. Her medical condition is so costly that her parents rely on ______ to pay the medical bills.

a. Medicaid

b. Medicare

c. patchwork system

d. single-payer health care system

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. Which preventable social condition leads to deaths in a heat wave in Chicago in 1995?

a. gendered expectations

b. epidemiology

c. social isolation

d. hard labor

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Isolation and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. ______ is a program that provides some health insurance for retirees after the age of 65.

a. Medicaid

b. Medicare

c. Retirement

d. Social security

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. What aspect of the U.S. health care system results in lower life expectancy for any other Global North nation?

a. cost

b. access

c. coverage

d. pre-existing conditions

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. What is the average life expectancy in the United States?

a. 69

b. 79

c. 89

d. 99

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. What percentage of Americans do not have any health care coverage at all?

a. 9%

b.12%

c. 30%

d. 55%

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. What is the number one cause of personal bankruptcy filings in the United States?

a. disability

b. retirement

c. medical debt

d. unemployment

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Under the ______ administration, the Affordable Care Act mandate was eliminated for individuals without coverage resulting in the number of uninsured rising again.

a. Bush

b. Trump

c. Clinton

d. Obama

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Which statement is true about private health insurance in the United States?

a. It is a single-payer option.

b. It is similar to the health care systems in other Global North countries.

c. The U.S. government subsidizes health insurance that companies provide to their employees.

d. The programs of Medicaid and Medicare are examples of private insurance.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which statement accurately describes the health care system in the United States?

a. The United States insures a larger share of its population than countries in the Global North.

b. The United States patchwork system is more cost effective than single-payer.

c. The United States patchwork system encourages overutilization of unnecessary services.

d. The United States has a longer life expectancy than other nations.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. ______ illnesses lack a consensus about their causes, symptomology, or treatment.

a. Acute

b. Chronic

c. Contested

d. Agreeable

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which is an example of a contested illness?

a. acne

b. bronchitis

c. fibromyalgia

d. common Cold

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. What organization works with state and local health departments to collect data on health issues, intervenes in emerging epidemics, and develops programs that investigate the social cause of disease?

a. Federal Bureau of Investigation

b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

c. World Health Organization

d. Doctors without Borders

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. What organization has public health officials and physicians who travel around the world to intervene in medical emergencies and offer support for ongoing health concerns?

a. Doctors without Borders

b. Alex’s Lemonade Stand

c. Make-A-Wish Foundation

d. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. What organization has a militant approach to organize their disease and take direct political action to raise awareness to push for funding research?

a. Doctors without Borders

b. Alex’s Lemonade Stand

c. Make-A-Wish Foundation

d. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. What organization is a charity that primarily operates to make the lives of patients better?

a. Doctors without Borders

b. Alex’s Lemonade Stand

c. Make-A-Wish Foundation

d. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. What organization is a charity to raise funds for research for assisting families of children suffering from cancer?

a. Doctors without Borders

b. Alex’s Lemonade Stand

c. Make-A-Wish Foundation

d. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Many medical professionals still focus on treating or curing diseases rather than promoting long-term well-being of their patients.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Health and Health-Related Social Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Sociologists believe the concepts of health and illness are socially constructed.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Understanding Health and Health-Related Social Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A sociological movement since the 1960s has been to redefine racism as a mental disease.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Health and Health-Related Social Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. When the idea that illness stems from sin or the bad choices of individuals is widespread in a society, there is more support for public health programs.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Our Understanding of Illness Affects Our Responses to It

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Patients can influence the medicalization process through the patients’ rights movement.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. When social groups push back against the classification of something as a disease, demedicalization is a possible outcome.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Demedicalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The American Psychiatric Association defines homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder today.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Demedicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. In Durkheim’s study Suicide, the social problem of economic inequality explained disease in society.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Those with low socioeconomic status tend to have lower stress levels.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Poor neighborhoods tend to have more environmental factors that are detrimental to public health.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. People from lower incomes tend to consume food with refined grains and added fats while those from higher socioeconomic status are more likely to eat foods with whole grains and fresh fruits and vegetables.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The amount of regular health care is affordable and accessible for many individuals in lower socioeconomic status groups.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. People from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to frequent emergency rooms for health care.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Mothers who have experienced racial discrimination in their lifetime are more likely to have children with a low birth weight.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Racial residential segregation tends to cluster bad environmental conditions and food deserts in the neighborhoods of upper class, elite Whites.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Medical professionals are more likely to overestimate the pain of Black patients than the pain of White patients.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The Affordable Care Act reduced racial and ethnic inequality in health care coverage.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Men are more likely to die in part because of risker behaviors associated with gendered expectations.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Women are more likely to seek out medical care than men.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Social epidemiologists can sum up gendered differences in health care by saying “Women get sicker, but men die quicker.”

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The United States does have a single-payer health care system.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Americans get better health in return for their higher health care expenditures.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The United States offers health care coverage for a small proportion of its population for more money.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 is regarded as a comprehensive health care reform.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Physicians do not readily acknowledge all illnesses.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. An example of a contested illness is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Governmental agencies work together to try to control illnesses caused by social problems.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Government policies do not affect the overall health of individuals.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. A program focused on encouraging clean water is not a direct medical intervention.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. A program focused on encouraging immunizations is a direct medical intervention.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Using the example of cholera and poverty, explain how society blamed the individual for illness.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding Health and Health-Related Social Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Explain how the definition alcoholism was affected by medicalization.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain the abstract concept of the ‘medical community’ when it comes to medicalization.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Medicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Define discriminatory medical practice and provide an example of one.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Define Medicaid and Medicare.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What are the options for health care coverage for individuals in the United States who do not qualify for federal programs and are not covered by their employers?

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Problems and Inequalities in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Provide examples of how health care professionals promote health and access to health care through charity.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Provide an example of how government policies can affect the health of individuals.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Define contested illness and the role of patient movements in their definition.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Provide examples of efforts by non-governmental organizations to improve the health of people around the world.

Learning Objective: 14.4: How do people work collectively to solve the social problems involving health and illness?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Facing Health Challenges Collectively

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain how homosexuality was demedicalized by the psychiatric community.

Learning Objective: 14.1: How are health and illness socially constructed?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Demedicalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Illustrate the impact on the four consistent factors that help explain the effect of socioeconomic status on health: exposure to stress, exposure to environmental factors, lack of access to high quality food, and lack of access to health care.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Economic Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain how African American women are at a greater risk than White women for issues with childbirth.

Learning Objective: 14.2: How do social factors and social problems affect health outcomes?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Racial Inequality and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What are problems with the patchwork system of health care in the United States?

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Explain the future of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 in political context.

Learning Objective: 14.3: What kinds of inequalities exist in the U.S. health care system and what effects does policy have on them?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Inequality in the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Hard