Ch14 Domestic And Foreign Policy Exam Prep

Chapter 14: Domestic and Foreign Policy

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 01

1) According to the text, public policy is

Feedback: factual

a. what government does to address issues.

b. what government cannot do.

c. what government says it does—not what it actually does.

d. a political slogan used by both parties.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 02

2) What is an example of a policy that was added, banned and then reversed and denounced by environmental activists?

Feedback: factual

a. Glacier harvesting

b. Moose hunts

c. Offshore drilling

d. Noxious weed abatement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 03

3) What is an example of a policy that is not currently on the policy agenda?

Feedback: applied

a. Prohibition

b. Poverty

c. Education

d. National security

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 04

4) The first step in political action is

Feedback: applied

a. giving a speech.

b. passing a law.

c. setting the agenda.

d. policy evaluation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 05

5) Since the policy system typically emphasizes only a few priorities at any given time, inclusion on the agenda is

Feedback: conceptual

a. permanent.

b. illusory.

c. consensual.

d. fiercely competitive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 06

6) When framing a policy issue, which factor is least likely to influence its placement on the agenda?

Feedback: applied

a. The problem is new and different and has not previously been dealt with by the political system.

b. The problem affects many people.

c. The policy is linked to important national symbols.

d. The problem is highly visible, and people have strong opinions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 07

7) The average number of new federal regulations per year during the Obama administration was

Feedback: factual

a. 3,985.

b. 3,640.

c. 5,682.

d. 5,584.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 08

8) The number of new federal regulations introduced during Trump’s first year was

Feedback: factual

a. 5,498.

b. 4,832.

c. 3,281.

d. 2,854.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 09

9) The way an issue is framed largely determines

Feedback: factual

a. the length of time the issue will stay on the agenda.

b. the amount of money that will be spent on the problem.

c. which policy responses the government will consider implementing.

d. the degree to which the media will exaggerate the severity of the problem.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 10

10) The third stage in the policy process is

Feedback: factual

a. agenda setting.

b. framing.

c. evaluation.

d. formation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 11

11) At what stage does a policy analyst begin to apply analytic techniques in an attempt to evaluate policy choices?

Feedback: applied

a. Formation

b. Framing

c. Evaluation

d. Problem definition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 12

12) One effect we often see at the formation stage of policymaking is that

Feedback: applied

a. the issue dies.

b. many policy actors get involved (members of Congress, state and local legislators).

c. media attention to the issue declines.

d. decisions about the policy become secretive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 13

13) A critical component of the formation stage in policymaking is

Feedback: factual

a. getting television coverage.

b. making the proposed policy tax neutral.

c. calculating the costs and benefits of the proposed policy.

d. consulting with our allies about the proposed policy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 14

14) All of the following are benefits of an increased federal tax on gasoline except

Feedback: factual

a. reducing air pollution.

b. reducing dependence on foreign oil.

c. helping incumbents in Congress get reelected.

d. reducing traffic accidents.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 15

15) As the gas tax example illustrates, even cost-effective policies

Feedback: conceptual

a. are dependent on bureaucratic agencies.

b. are subject to iron triangles.

c. can be trumped by political considerations.

d. require cooperation from interest groups.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 16

16) A gas tax increase would produce all of the following benefits except

Feedback: factual

a. lower health costs.

b. lower carbon emissions.

c. reduced imports of oil.

d. electoral advantages for incumbent politicians.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 17

17) Without a positive cost-benefit analysis,

Feedback: conceptual

a. a bill is still likely to pass.

b. it is almost impossible for a bill to pass.

c. the president will not sign the bill.

d. the bureaucracy will not implement the policy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 18

18) Policy implementation is generally handled by

Feedback: factual

a. the House of Representatives.

b. the Senate.

c. state legislatures.

d. executive agencies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 19

19) Which president wrote, “administrative questions are not political”?

Feedback: factual

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. Chester Arthur

c. Ronald Reagan

d. Franklin Roosevelt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 20

20) Which form of bureaucratic organization is headed by “secretaries” who serve as members of the president’s cabinet and report directly to the president?

Feedback: factual

a. Government corporations

b. Independent regulatory commissions

c. Executive departments

d. Special districts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 21

21) Obamacare aimed to

Feedback: factual

a. increase doctor visits.

b. cover all people regardless of income.

c. become a private insurance company.

d. have the same Medicaid eligibility in all states.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 22

22) Each aspect of a new law requires

Feedback: conceptual

a. a press release.

b. a new administrative rule.

c. another vote in Congress.

d. presidential approval.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 23

23) What is the usual time frame for a policy window?

Feedback: factual

a. Several months

b. A year or longer

c. A very short time

d. As long as necessary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 24

24) Trump’s gas tax plan was quietly abandoned because

Feedback: applied

a. midterm elections were coming up.

b. the party requested it.

c. Congress was out of session.

d. Trump changed his mind.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 25

25) The world of policymaking is

Feedback: conceptual

a. predictable and straightforward.

b. burdened with multiple actors, ambiguous goals, and competing interests.

c. hierarchically organized.

d. devious and corrupt.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 26

26) Bottom-up service delivery starts with

Feedback: factual

a. cabinet secretaries.

b. the president.

c. street-level bureaucrats.

d. citizens.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 27

27) Street-level bureaucrats

Feedback: factual

a. work directly with the public.

b. work directly with interest groups.

c. work directly with policy makers.

d. work directly with Congress.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 28

28) Street-level decision making is characterized by

Feedback: factual

a. clientele service.

b. discretion.

c. hierarchical obedience.

d. rent seeking.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 29

29) The policymaking process

Feedback: conceptual

a. ends after a policy is implemented.

b. ends after the evaluation stage.

c. never really ends.

d. ends upon achieving all of its goals.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 30

30) After implementing a public policy, it is essential to

Feedback: applied

a. terminate it.

b. pay for it.

c. vote on it.

d. evaluate it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 31

31) Which is the basic question in policy evaluation?

Feedback: applied

a. Does the policy work?

b. Is the policy cost-effective?

c. Is the policy politically responsive?

d. Does the policy serve citizens?

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 32

32) Evaluating a public policy entails

Feedback: factual

a. soliciting citizen input.

b. looking at the original goals.

c. crafting new policies.

d. taking advantage of sunset legislation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 33

33) A classic example of a large social policy with feedback effects is

Feedback: conceptual

a. environmental regulation.

b. midnight basketball.

c. the Affordable Care Act.

d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 34

34) Policies that deal with an individual’s health and well-being are

Feedback: factual

a. social policies.

b. fiscal policies.

c. foreign policies.

d. entitlement policies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 35

35) The presidential package that spawned Social Security was

Feedback: factual

a. the Fair Deal.

b. the New Deal.

c. the New Frontier.

d. the War on Poverty.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 36

36) Social Security payments

Feedback: factual

a. are the same for everyone.

b. increase over time.

c. decrease over time.

d. vary with income.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 37

37) A problem caused by the use of military force is known as

Feedback: factual

a. a security trap.

b. negative involvement.

c. military negativity.

d. primacy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 38

38) To be eligible for Social Security benefits, you must be _______ years of age.

Feedback: factual

a. sixty-five

b. sixty-eight

c. seventy

d. seventy-two

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 39

39) In 2020, Social Security paid out _______ in benefits to _______ workers.

Feedback: factual

a. $2 billion, 5 million

b. $5 billion, 20 million

c. $1.1 trillion, 64 million

d. $2 trillion, 315 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 40

40) The largest single government program in America is

Feedback: factual

a. the military.

b. the Pell Grant program.

c. Medicare.

d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 41

41) Social Security comprises _______ of the gross domestic product of the United States.

Feedback: factual

a. nearly 5 percent

b. 45 percent

c. 23 percent

d. 12 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 42

42) Maintaining an unrivaled military force that can overwhelm an enemy is an element of

Feedback: factual

a. primacy.

b. liberalism.

c. realism.

d. soft power.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 43

43) Medicare was passed in

Feedback: factual

a. 1965.

b. 1935.

c. 1925.

d. 1985.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 44

44) In order to reduce Social Security costs, Congress has discussed

Feedback: factual

a. reducing benefits.

b. eliminating the program.

c. raising the age to receive benefits.

d. paying only those under the poverty level.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 45

45) More than _______ Americans receive some Medicaid coverage.

Feedback: factual

a. 72 million

b. 30 million

c. 10 million

d. 1 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 46

46) The gap between how much the federal government spends and how much it takes in is the

Feedback: factual

a. total debt.

b. federal budget deficit.

c. trade imbalance.

d. trade deficit.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 47

47) Military primacy costs the United States approximately _______ per year.

Feedback: factual

a. $10 trillion

b. $5 trillion

c. $1 trillion

d. $0.5 trillion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 48

48) The cabinet office in charge of compiling the spending estimates of all federal agencies is

Feedback: factual

a. the General Accounting Office.

b. the Department of the Treasury.

c. the Office of Economic Development.

d. the Office of Management and Budget.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 49

49) Congress _______ the president’s yearly budget proposal.

Feedback: applied

a. can ignore

b. must accept

c. almost always rejects

d. almost always accepts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 50

50) How many times over the last forty years has Congress passed a budget on time, by April 15 each year?

Feedback: factual

a. Zero

b. Six

c. Two

d. Ten

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 51

51) Because of their central role in spending decisions, members of the Appropriations Committee are known as _______ on Capitol Hill.

Feedback: factual

a. vicars

b. lords

c. cardinals

d. bishops

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 52

52) There are _______ subcommittees that deal with appropriations, organized by jurisdiction.

Feedback: factual

a. six

b. nine

c. twelve

d. thirteen

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 53

53) Two-thirds of the federal budget, nearly $2 trillion, is

Feedback: applied

a. mandatory spending untouchable by the Appropriations Committee.

b. discretionary spending.

c. spent on defense-related matters.

d. given to state governments.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 54

54) Non-entitlement spending programs are known as _______ programs.

Feedback: factual

a. malleable

b. discretionary

c. wasteful

d. infrastructure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 55

55) Omnibus spending bills tend to be cobbled together

Feedback: factual

a. in early January.

b. over the course of many months.

c. within days, or even hours, of the September 30 deadline.

d. perpetually.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 56

56) When Congress is unable to pass omnibus spending bills, the president requests a

Feedback: applied

a. new budget.

b. forced congressional session.

c. tax increase.

d. continuing resolution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 57

57) Continuing resolutions extend spending at current levels, usually for how long?

Feedback: factual

a. Two weeks or a month

b. One year

c. Until Congress is back in session

d. Until the next meeting of the Appropriations Committee

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 58

58) If Congress refuses to approve a presidential request for a continuing resolution,

Feedback: factual

a. the old budget goes into effect.

b. the government shuts down.

c. a mandatory tax increase kicks in.

d. Congress must write, and vote on, a whole new budget.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 59

59) A country that strengthens its global position through culture and commerce is using

Feedback: conceptual

a. hard power.

b. soft power.

c. economic realism.

d. neorealism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 60

60) The government agency most likely to be involved in diplomacy is the

Feedback: applied

a. Department of Defense.

b. State Department.

c. Central Intelligence Agency.

d. Department of Homeland Security.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 61

61) Which of the following is true?

Feedback: factual

a. The United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world.

b. The United States spends more than 10 percent of its gross national income on foreign aid.

c. The United States spends 1 percent of its gross national income on foreign aid.

d. The United States spends 5 percent of its gross national income on foreign aid.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 62

62) In practice, the U.S. budget process

Feedback: factual

a. works pretty well.

b. doesn’t work at all.

c. rarely runs on time.

d. almost always runs on time.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 63

63) One of the reasons why budget battles are so dramatic is because

Feedback: factual

a. the president and Congress have to agree on every spending measure.

b. one party gets what it wants and the other party gets nothing.

c. they always occur during an election year.

d. the stakes are so high.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 64

64) The great virtue of the American policymaking system is its

Feedback: conceptual

a. remarkable stability.

b. remarkable tumultuousness.

c. protection from citizens’ disapproval.

d. ability to please citizens and create high levels of approval for Congress.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 65

65) When does policymaking begin?

Feedback: factual

a. When a public official recognizes that something is a problem

b. When private companies quit doing their jobs

c. When the president submits a new agenda

d. When Congress passes legislation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 66

66) The United States spends _______ of its gross national income on foreign aid.

Feedback: factual

a. 5 percent

b. 2 percent

c. 1 percent

d. less than 1 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 67

67) After an issue is on the agenda, the next step is

Feedback: factual

a. funding the solution.

b. describing the solution.

c. defining the problem.

d. deciding who is in charge.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 68

68) When analysts look at cost effectiveness, they are looking for the

Feedback: factual

a. direct cost.

b. indirect cost.

c. highest cost.

d. lowest cost.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 69

69) The first step in a cost-benefit analysis is to

Feedback: factual

a. list all expected costs.

b. list all expected revenue sources.

c. determine who will do the analysis.

d. determine who is eligible for benefits.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 70

70) Cost-benefit analysis is an example of

Feedback: factual

a. ex parte analysis.

b. ex ante analysis.

c. closing analysis.

d. focus analysis.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 71

71) Which president thought policy implementation was not political until he became president?

Feedback: factual

a. Franklin Roosevelt

b. Lyndon Johnson

c. Woodrow Wilson

d. Herbert Hoover

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 72

72) Public service delivery after World War II was

Feedback: factual

a. bottom-up.

b. center-out.

c. chaotic.

d. top-down.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 73

73) IRS workers are examples of _______ delivery.

Feedback: factual

a. bottom-up

b. center-out

c. chaotic

d. top-down

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 74

74) Implementation is marked by

Feedback: factual

a. policy feedback.

b. rulemaking and service delivery.

c. legislative activity.

d. framing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 75

75) Matters of finance are

Feedback: factual

a. social policy matters.

b. foreign policy matters.

c. fiscal policy matters.

d. judicial policy matters.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 76

76) Colonial “poor relief” provided

Feedback: factual

a. old-age pensions.

b. unemployment assistance.

c. a privatized service.

d. support for needy people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 77

77) Foreign policy is defined as

Feedback: conceptual

a. American military might.

b. American relations with external nations, groups, and problems.

c. the right of the United States to use force wherever necessary.

d. the use of international law to showcase American power.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 78

78) The free movement of goods and services across national borders without government interference is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. capitalism.

b. free trade.

c. protectionism.

d. GATT.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 79

79) Subsidies and tax breaks are forms of

Feedback: applied

a. protectionism.

b. free trade.

c. GATT.

d. globalization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 80

80) U.S. national security threats include which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. Climate change

b. Terrorism

c. Health pandemics

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 81

81) A conservative would be more likely to focus on

Feedback: applied

a. climate change.

b. nuclear development in Iran.

c. health pandemics.

d. unfair trade practices.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 82

82) Which of the following is true?

Feedback: factual

a. The United States spends as much on armed forces as the other top six nations combined.

b. The United States spends less on armed forces than most other developed countries in the world.

c. The United States spends about the same amount on armed forces as other developed countries in the world.

d. The United States spends as much on armed forces as Russia and China combined.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 83

83) The United States accounts for roughly _______ percent of all military spending in the world.

Feedback: factual

a. 38

b. 45

c. 35

d. 25

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 84

84) The reason the United States spends so much on the military relates to the theory of

Feedback: conceptual

a. diplomacy.

b. détente.

c. primacy.

d. neoliberalism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 85

85) The theory of primacy states that

Feedback: conceptual

a. global peace can be achieved through economic interdependence.

b. the United States should maintain an unrivaled military.

c. economic sanctions are the best way to control rogue nations.

d. international order should be maintained by the United Nations.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 86

86) Which is an example of a security trap?

Feedback: applied

a. U.S.-Israel relations

b. the U.S. experience in Vietnam

c. U.S.-British relations

d. U.S. condemnation of terrorist attacks in the Middle East

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 87

87) Unforeseen events produced by military intervention in foreign countries are known as

Feedback: applied

a. security traps.

b. diplomatic errors.

c. boomerang effects.

d. security traps and boomerang effects.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 88

88) Protecting domestic businesses from foreign competition is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. fair trade.

b. free trade.

c. protectionism.

d. unilateralism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 89

89) President Clinton used political capital to push which multilateral agreement through Congress?

Feedback: factual

a. GATT

b. WTO

c. OAS

d. NAFTA

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 90

90) The economic organization that oversees international trade rules is the

Feedback: factual

a. World Treaty Organization.

b. World Trade Organization.

c. World Enterprise Organization.

d. World Free Trade Organization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 91

91) Selling and buying goods from other countries without imposition of tariffs is

Feedback: applied

a. protectionism.

b. globalism.

c. free trade.

d. realism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 92

92) The NAFTA agreement was a multilateral free trade agreement among

Feedback: factual

a. Canada, the United States, and Russia.

b. Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

c. China, Mexico, and the United States.

d. Canada, Brazil, and the United States.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 93

93) The practice of promoting free trade and worker protection is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. unilateralism.

b. free trade.

c. fair trade.

d. protectionism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 94

94) The United States consumes approximately _______ of oil per day.

Feedback: factual

a. 20 million barrels

b. 20 million gallons

c. 200 million barrels

d. 25 million gallons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 95

95) _______ contains 60 percent of global oil supplies.

Feedback: factual

a. The Middle East

b. The Near East

c. China

d. Africa

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 96

96) Refusing to buy goods or services from a country is called

Feedback: applied

a. a boycott.

b. an embargo.

c. divestment.

d. an asset freeze.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 97

97) Restricting the flow of trade into a country is called

Feedback: applied

a. an embargo.

b. a boycott.

c. divestment.

d. rapprochement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 98

98) The idea that the United States has a special obligation to spread democracy and freedom to other nations is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. the American mission.

b. American exceptionalism.

c. the American cause.

d. American imperialism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 99

99) The principle of working with other nations to achieve common goals is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. multilateralism.

b. unilateralism.

c. interventionism.

d. internationalism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 100

100) Which institution has the power to declare war?

Feedback: factual

a. The president

b. The Department of Defense

c. Congress

d. The Central Intelligence Agency

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 101

101) Give an example of a focusing event that, over the last three years, attracted widespread media attention to an issue and placed it on the policy agenda. Why was this important?

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 102

102) What happens if Congress is unable to pass a budget? How many times has this happened in the last twenty years?

Feedback:

The previous year’s budget resolution remains in place.

Eleven times.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 103

103) How much does the budget process affect our politics? Why?

Feedback:

To a very large degree.

Government shutdowns, payments, etc.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 104

104) Name and describe a government public policy in your lifetime that you believe was a success. Why was this policy successful?

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 105

105) What forms can policies take? Describe each one.

Feedback:

Laws.

Regulations.

Presidential executive orders.

Funding formulas.

Established norms.

Action plans.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 106

106) What are the stages of policymaking? Discuss each one.

Feedback:

Agenda setting.

Framing.

Policy formation.

Policy implementation.

Policy evaluation and feedback.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 107

107) How does a focusing event get an issue on the agenda? Why is this important?

Feedback:

Focusing events bring attention to particular issues.

Must be on the agenda to receive attention from government.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 108

108) How does an issue get on the policy agenda?

Feedback:

Focusing events.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 109

109) What is problem definition, and how does it relate to policy agenda setting?

Feedback:

Another way of saying framing.

Gets issues on the policy agenda.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 110

110) When are the policy’s costs and benefits analyzed? What is involved?

Feedback:

Ex ante: before the policy goes into effect.

Scientific measures used to analyze policies before they go into effect.

List costs and benefits to determine if policy is cost effective.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 111

111) What is foreign policy?

Feedback:

Foreign policy defines American relations with external nations, groups, and problems.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 112

112) What is the policy window?

Feedback:

The opportunity to pass a bill in Congress or a state legislature.

Often open only for a brief period.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 113

113) What are the steps of implementation?

Feedback:

Working out the specifics of the law.

Delivering government services or enforcing new regulations.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 114

114) What was President Trump’s “two for one” requirement?

Feedback:

Every new regulatory action by an executive agency or department had to be accompanied by the elimination of two existing rules.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 115

115) Where does top-down delivery begin? How does it work? When was this process utilized?

Feedback:

Executive branch of government.

Cabinet secretaries and agency heads are in charge of process.

Low level bureaucrats concerned with compliance.

After World War II.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 116

116) What is necessary for a top-down approach to work?

Feedback:

Simple policy.

Clear, well-specified goals that are not difficult to meet.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 117

117) Where does bottom-up delivery begin?

Feedback:

Street-level bureaucrats.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 118

118) What kinds of policies are best suited to bottom-up delivery?

Feedback:

Complicated policies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 119

119) What is an ex post policy evaluation?

Feedback:

Evaluates policy after implementation.

Compares policy program against original goals.

Uses established set of criteria.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 120

120) What is covered by fiscal policy?

Feedback:

Finance.

Monetary supply.

Taxes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 121

121) What is covered by foreign policy?

Feedback:

Wars.

Defense.

Diplomacy.

Trade agreements.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 122

122) What is covered by social policy?

Feedback:

Individual or group well-being.

Health.

Housing.

Education.

Employment.

Criminal justice.

Child welfare.

Old-age security.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 123

123) What is the source of most major social policy advances?

Feedback:

Wars.

Revolutionary War inspired organized benefits.

Civil War saw national government benefits for soldiers and families.

World War II and GI Bill.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 124

124) The Social Security Act was created to provide a monthly living stipend to older Americans. What else did it create?

Feedback:

Unemployment insurance.

Disability insurance.

Financial assistance to low-income families with children.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 125

125) What is the difference between the doctrine of primacy and the idea of a security trap?

Feedback:

Doctrine of primacy holds that the United States should maintain an unrivaled military.

Security trap is the idea that using military force creates unique, unforeseen problems.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 126

126) Describe the five stages in the policy-making process. What happens at each stage?

Feedback:

Agenda setting, framing, formation, implementation, evaluation.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 127

127) Are government employment and expenditure figures a good measure of how “big” the government is?

Feedback:

These figures do not present an accurate picture of government influence on the economy.

Government influences the economy through regulation, contracts, loan guarantees, tax policies.

Much of government’s work is done in the private sector and is not accounted for in expenditure and employment figures.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 128

128) What is the difference between hard and soft power?

Feedback:

Hard power refers to military operations.

Soft power focuses on culture and values.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 129

129) What is the first goal of American foreign policy?

Feedback:

National security through use of primacy.

National security through diplomacy and soft power.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 130

130) What is the difference between free trade and protectionism?

Feedback:

Free trade is the movement of goods and services over international boundaries with no government interference.

Protectionism involves government efforts to protect domestic businesses from foreign competition.

Use of subsidies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 131

131) Discuss laissez-faire fiscal policy. When was it U.S. government policy?

Feedback:

Early twentieth century.

French term meaning “leave it alone.”

Small federal budget.

Limited tax and spending.

Changed during wartime.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 132

132) How did fiscal policy change with the Depression? Who led the change?

Feedback:

Fiscal policy became Keynesian.

Federal funds flowed out faster than tax revenues flowed in.

New Deal programs funded through government spending.

Franklin D. Roosevelt led the change.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 133

133) Discuss how the parties differ when deciding which fiscal levers to pull. Provide examples.

Feedback:

Democrats: expand spending.

Republicans: tax cuts.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 134

134) Discuss the tools the Federal Reserve has regarding the economy.

Feedback:

Buy Treasury securities.

Set dollar reserve levels banks are required to hold.

Set interest rates: low to encourage borrowing or high to slow economy.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 135

135) What are budget resolutions? Who writes them?

Feedback:

Joint House-Senate budget resolutions that outline targets for federal spending, revenue levels, and the resultant budget deficit (or surplus) for the coming fiscal year.

Nineteen broad categories, budget functions.

Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act 1974 created budget committees in both House and Senate.

Concurrent budget resolution is supposed to be approved by April 15 but is usually late.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 136

136) Discuss the Appropriations Committees in the House and Senate.

Feedback:

Charged with specifying which departments and programs will get how much money.

Budget authority split into thirteen separate jurisdictions.

Each jurisdiction assigned a separate appropriations subcommittee to handle budget planning for all policy areas in jurisdiction.

Spending on all programs in jurisdiction cannot exceed total specified in the resolution.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 137

137) What is a CR? When is it used?

Feedback:

Continuing resolution.

If there is no budget and no omnibus bill, Congress passes a CR to keep government running.

Effective for a specified period of time: two weeks or a month, usually.

Congress can pass CR after CR if necessary to keep government running.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 138

138) Should the focus of public policy be to create a more just society, or should public policy help the maximum number of people? Defend your answer with reasons and examples.

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 139

139) Should citizens be given choices about what public programs and services they consume? How would this work? What if not enough people chose a service that was desperately needed by some but was not cost-effective?

Feedback:

People will choose to maximize self-interest.

Majority will determine more and less desirable policy choices.

Competitive pressures will cause costs to come down, saving taxpayers money.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 140

140) What economic sanctions can be imposed on hostile countries?

Feedback:

Boycott.

Divestment.

Asset freeze.

Embargo.

Withholding of foreign aid.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 141

141) What is American exceptionalism?

Feedback:

Philosophy that the United States plays a unique role in the world.

Focus is to promote democratic values globally.

Unclear whether just a myth, but powerful concept.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 142

142) What is the difference between isolationism and internationalism?

Feedback:

Isolationism, thought to be original cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy, holds that a nation should avoid foreign policy commitments and alliances and withdraw from world affairs.

Internationalism focuses on active global engagement.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 143

143) What is the War Powers Act?

Feedback:

Congress’s attempt to limit authority of president to conduct foreign policy.

Created in 1973.

President cannot keep troops in harm’s way for more than sixty days without congressional approval.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 144

144) What is the National Security Council?

Feedback:

Central foreign policy group.

Consists of president; vice president; secretaries of state, defense, and homeland security; Director of National Intelligence; and head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (as well as others that the president may name).

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 145

145) What is meant by the grand strategy?

Feedback:

An overarching vision that defines and guides nation’s foreign policy.

Standing Alone (1918–1939).

The Cold War (1945–1991).

New World Order (1989–2001).

War on Terror (2001–2009).

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 146

146) What is meant by a preemptive war?

Feedback:

Bush Doctrine.

Principle of attacking perceived threat before it strikes United States.

Rationale for invading Iraq.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 147

147) What was the preeminent Cold War theory of conflict resolution?

Feedback:

Deterrence.

Build powerful military.

Use of nuclear capability.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 148

148) Compare Obama and Trump Grand Strategy.

Feedback:

Obama: modest foreign policy.

Four components: maintain American military and economic primacy, reduce military commitments, operate through international organizations, pivot toward Asia.

Trump: “America First.”

Realist, impatient with international organizations, reset relations with undemocratic enemies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 149

149) Should the United States scale back the military? Explain your answer.

Feedback:

Answers will vary, but may mention the following:

Military has higher public approval rating than any other institution.

Primacy—maintaining unrivaled military—is the central approach.

But many foreign interventions have led to security traps or boomerang effects.

Key examples are the Vietnam War and the recent war on terror in the Middle East.

Primacy military costs close to a trillion dollars a year.

Too much military focus undermines concept of building democracy.

Tutelary role—militaries take over country but are not ready to run civil society.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 150

150) What is the difference between hard and soft power?

Feedback:

Hard power correlates to primacy theory.

Soft power is more concerned with preserving the American state through economic cooperation and diplomacy.

Cultural imperialism can occur with deluge of U.S. stores and businesses in foreign countries.

United States is the largest foreign aid donor in the world but spends less than one-half of one percent of gross national income on foreign aid.