Ch14 Complete Test Bank Angular Kinetics of Human Movement

Basic Biomechanics, 8e (Hall)

Chapter 14 Angular Kinetics of Human Movement

1) When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip?

A) increased

B) decreased

C) remains the same

D) need more information

2) In the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases?

A) angular momentum

B) angular velocity

C) both angular momentum and angular velocity

D) none of these answers is correct

3) Torque is the angular analogue of what?

A) momentum

B) force

C) mass

D) impulse

4) Which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia?

A) F and d

B) T and t

C) M and v

D) m and k

5) If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity?

A) increase

B) decrease

C) remain the same

D) need more information

6) If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to his momentum?

A) increase

B) decrease

C) remain the same

D) need more information

7) Which of the following is referred to as the "quantity of angular motion" possessed by a body?

A) angular displacement

B) angular velocity

C) angular acceleration

D) angular momentum

8) Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?

A) angular momentum

B) angular velocity

C) both angular momentum and angular velocity

D) neither angular momentum nor angular velocity

9) Which of the following acts to produce a change in angular momentum?

A) moment of inertia

B) torque

C) angular impulse

D) none of these answers is correct

10) The statement "a rotating body will maintain a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque" refers to which of the following?

A) Newton's first law of inertia

B) Newton's second law of acceleration

C) Newton's third law of action/reaction

D) None of these answers is correct

11) Centripetal force is related to which of the following?

A) radial acceleration

B) tangential acceleration

C) both radial acceleration and tangential acceleration

D) none of these answers is correct

12) Which of the following is known as "center-seeking" force?

A) momentum

B) acceleration

C) centrifugal force

D) centripetal force

13) When a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act?

A) on the cyclist's center of gravity

B) on the cycle's center of gravity

C) on the tires of the cycle

D) on the ground

14) Centrifugal force is a misnomer. What is really happening when you feel a pull to the outside while rounding a curve?

A) centripetal force

B) inertia

C) both centripetal force and inertia

D) none of these answers is correct

15) What effect does "choking up" on a bat have?

A) reduces moment of inertia

B) increases angular velocity of swing

C) reduces mass

D) both reduces moment of inertia and increases angular velocity of swing

E) all of these answers are correct

16) Regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip, which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter?

A) massive thighs and slimmer lower legs

B) massive lower legs and slimmer thighs

C) leg morphology does not matter

D) need more information

17) Which of the following accurately describes the radius of gyration of the forearm segment?

A) It is greater with respect to the wrist than with respect to the elbow.

B) It is greater with respect to the elbow than with respect to the wrist.

C) It is equal with respect to the wrist and with respect to the elbow.

D) Need more information.

18) Which of the following are accurate units for moment of inertia?

A) N•m

B) N•m2

C) kg•m2

D) kg•m

19) Rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia (anatomical position)?

A) transverse (frontal)

B) anteroposterior (sagittal)

C) longitudinal

D) need more information

20) Which of the following is/are accurate formula(s) for angular momentum?

A) H = Iw

B) H = mk2w

C) M = mv

D) both H = Iw and H = mk2w

E) all of these answers are correct

21) What are the appropriate units for angular momentum?

A) kg•m2/s

B) kg•m/s2

C) kg2•m/s

D) kg•m2

22) If total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike?

A) compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction

B) compensatory rotation in upper body called follow-through

C) angular momentum is no longer 0

D) all of these answers are correct

23) According to Newton's 2nd Law, what is the relationship among torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?

A) T = Ia

B) I = Ta

C) a = TI

D) T = Iw

24) Which of Newton's laws (angular analogues) explains why a batter wears cleats?

A) 1st law - moment of inertia

B) 2nd law - angular acceleration

C) 3rd law - reaction

D) none of these answers is correct

25) Which of the following is/are most important factor(s) affecting the magnitude of centripetal force?

A) tangential linear velocity

B) radius of rotation

C) mass

D) all of these answers are correct

26) How can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve?

A) slow down

B) lean to the inside of the curve

C) lean to the outside of the curve

D) both slow down and lean to the inside of the curve

E) none of these answers is correct

27) Why is a bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle?

A) k is reduced

B) k is increased

C) moment of inertia is increased

D) easier to grip the barrel

28) Why are golf club heads weighted?

A) to increase the moment of inertia of the club with respect to the shoulder

B) to increase the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft

C) to decrease the moment of inertia of the club with respect to the shoulder

D) to decrease the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft

29) Choose the term that describes the study of the action of forces on rotating bodies.

A) angular impulse

B) angular kinematics

C) angular kinetics

D) angular momentum

30) Choose the term that describes an inertial property for rotation bodies representing resistance to angular acceleration.

A) angular momentum

B) center of mass

C) principal moment of inertia

D) moment of inertia

31) Choose the term that describes the distance from the axis of rotation to a point where the body's mass could be concentrated without altering its rotational characteristics.

A) angular impulse

B) principal axes

C) principal moment of inertia

D) radius of gyration

32) Choose the term that describes the three mutually perpendicular axes passing through the total body center of gravity.

A) principal axes

B) principal moment of inertia

C) radius of gyration

D) moment of inertia

33) Choose the term that describes the total-body moment of inertia relative to one of the principal axes.

A) principal axes

B) principal moment of inertia

C) moment of inertia

D) center of mass

34) Choose the term that describes the quantity of angular motion.

A) angular momentum

B) center of mass

C) centripetal force

D) moment of inertia

35) Choose the term that describes the change in angular momentum equal to the product of torque and time interval over which the torque acts.

A) angular impulse

B) angular kinematics

C) angular kinetics

D) angular momentum

36) Choose the term that describes the following concept: a rotating body will maintain a state of constant rotational motion unless acted upon by an external torque.

A) Newton's 1st law

B) Newton's 2nd law

C) Newton's 3rd law

D) principal axes

37) Choose the term that describes the following concept: for every torque, there is an equal and opposite torque.

A) Newton's 1st law

B) Newton's 2nd law

C) Newton's 3rd law

D) principal axes

38) Choose the term that describes the force directed toward the center of rotation.

A) angular momentum

B) center of mass

C) centripetal force

D) moment of inertia

39) The product of moment of inertia and angular velocity is ________ ________.

40) Angular impulse is the product of ________ and ________.

41) When a body is rotating, the force directed toward the center of rotation is called ________ force.

42) Explain conservation of angular momentum using an example in sport, dance or rehabilitation, including appropriate formula.

43) Explain transfer of angular momentum using an example in sport, dance or rehabilitation.

44) Discuss the factors that affect moment of inertia, including examples.

45) Explain why the principal moment of inertia is so much larger around the frontal axis than around the longitudinal axis of a human body.

46) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a small body size (including muscle mass) for a gymnast performing full body rotations.

47) During skilled performance of a throw or strike, momentum is generally transferred from the more proximal segments to the more distal segments.

48) The angular analogue of Newton's second law can be stated algebraically as T = Iα.

49) What has historically been referred to as centrifugal force, is really just inertia.

50) The principle moment of inertia of the human body is greatest around the anteroposterior axis.