Ch14 Analogue Research Maximizing Experimental Test Bank

CHAPTER 14: Analogue Research: Maximizing Experimental Control

True/False Questions

1. Debate over the utility of analogue methodology ceased after Bordin's (1965) proposal for "acceptable simplifications."

2. In analogue designs, it is possible to eliminate or control variables extraneous to the particular research problem.

3. Analogue research allows for a great deal of situational control by enabling a researcher to manipulate one or more independent variables, to eliminate or hold extraneous variables constant, and to use random assignment.

4. An advantage of analogue methodology is often the reduction of practical and ethical obstacles in experimentally examining some aspect of the counseling process.

5. Analogue methodology enables an experimenter to achieve a high degree of specificity in the operational definitions of a variable.

6. Experimental procedures such as randomly assigning clients to placebo groups or to waiting-list control groups can cause problems in real-life counseling.

7. In analogue research, the power of the experimental controls may result in the loss of external validity of the research findings.

8. Variables pertaining to clients or participants are never considered when evaluating the generalizability of particular analogue methodologies within counseling.

9. Analogue methodology lacks precision—not only in terms of the variables under examination, but also in terms of experimental procedures.

10. Analogue research is easier and less time consuming than other research designs, and this makes it the best methodological strategy.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to some researchers, findings from analogue research tend to lack _____.

1. credibility
2. generalizability
3. specificity
4. variability

2. Seth, a researcher, is studying counseling trainees’ multicultural case conceptualization. One of the cases in this study involves an Asian American male client who stated that he had shamed his family because he did not pursue a career in medicine. This scenario is an example of a _____ case.

1. culture-explicit
2. culture-implicit
3. culture-not mentioned
4. culture-dependent

3. The hallmark of analogue research is control of the _____.

1. experimental situation
2. external validity
3. social influence
4. motivation level

4. In the context of analogue research, which of the following variable pertains to both the client and the counselor in a counseling situation?

1. Coping skills
2. Client reaction
3. Disclosure
4. Cost of therapy

5. Identify a variable that pertains to the counseling process in analogue research.

1. Room decor
2. Coping skills
3. Cost of therapy
4. Counselor interventions

6. In analogue researches, real-world constraints such as financial limits and unavailability of participants can be substantially reduced by using _____.

1. counselor disclosures
2. client surrogates
3. counselor interventions
4. online survey designs

7. One of the strengths of analogue studies is that they possess a high degree of _____.

1. external validity
2. internal validity
3. generalizability
4. reliability

8. In the context of clients or participants in analogue research, which of the following scenarios is most likely to have a relatively low degree of resemblance to real-life counseling?

1. Client is distressed enough to seek help at a center.
2. Participant is assigned to treatments and therapists.
3. Client expects treatment and change.
4. Participant shows high level of information processing and knowledge.

9. In which of the following scenarios is intervention, a variable pertaining to counseling process and setting in analogue research, most likely to have a relatively high degree of resemblance to real-life counseling in terms of generalizability?

1. Participant views counseling scenario but does not interact with the counselor.
2. Participant is carefully diagnosed and goals are established.
3. Counselor and participant interact on restricted topic or in some defined manner.
4. Treatment is specifically targeted to client’s problems.

10. In the context of analogue research, which of the following is true of client variables being generalizable to real-life counseling?

1. When a client expects course credit by participating in a study, the client variable—expectation of change has relatively high resemblance to real-life counseling.
2. When a client chooses therapists or type of treatment, the client variable—selection of treatment has relatively high resemblance to real-life counseling.
3. When a client is distressed enough to seek relevant academic experiences and psychological experiments, the client variable—motivation and distress level has relatively high resemblance to real-life counseling.
4. When a client has a new issue, and low level of knowledge about the issue, the client variable—knowledge of problem has relatively high resemblance to real-life counseling.