Ch13 Racial Minorities And The Law Test Bank

CHAPTER 13

RACIAL MINORITIES AND THE LAW

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What practice is as old as human history, and few practices instituted by human beings are more repulsive?

a. prostitution

b. differential treatment

c. slavery

d. illegitimacy

2. American slavery evolved from the English practice of:

a. shire reeves

b. apprenticeship

c. apprentice servitude

d. indentured servitude

3. Under which English practice could people pay off their debts by working for an employer for a fixed number of years?

a. shire reeves

b. apprenticeship

c. indentured servitude

d. apprentice servitude

4. Because slavery was illegal under English common law, the slaves were assimilated into the system of _____________ rather than sold into slavery.

a. apprenticeship

b. community service

c. work release

d. indentured servitude

5. What American document contains language clearly supporting slavery when it affirms the rights of the southern states to allow "the migration or importance of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit"?

a. Bill of Rights

b. Declaration of Independence

c. U.S. Constitution

d. Articles of Confederation

6. Which case is discussed by the text as being an important moral step in the direction aimed at securing the status of "we the people" for African Americans?

a. Somerset v. Stewart

b. The Slave, Grace

c. Scott v. Sandford

d. United States, Appellants v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad

7. The slaves aboard the Amistad were released by the U.S. Supreme Court on a strictly:

a. moral basis (under pressure from the anti-slavery movement)

b. political basis (to please President Van Buren)

c. legal basis (their capture was in violation of an Anglo-Spanish treaty against the slave trade)

d. economic basis (the owners of the Amistad would not pay the slaves’ keep)

8. The practice of freeing slaves who had sojourned on free soil was based on which court case?

a. The Slave, Grace

b. Scott v. Sandford

c. United States, Appellants v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad

d. Somerset v. Stewart

9. The passage of which act of 1854 opened up areas of the West to slavery?

a. Treaty of Fort Pit

b. Discovery Doctrine

c. Northwest Ordinance

d. Kansas-Nebraska Act

10. Which of the following was fought to preserve the Union, not to free the slaves, though slavery was a major factor leading up to the war, making it almost inevitable?

a. Revolutionary War

b. Emancipation War

c. World War I

d. Civil War

11. Which proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln did not free slaves in slave states loyal to the Union, since that might have driven them into the arms of the Confederacy?

a. Equality

b. Revolution

c. Emancipation

d. Race

12. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution banned slavery within the United States and territories?

a. Thirteenth

b. Fourteenth

c. Fifteenth

d. Sixteenth

13. Which period in the United States involved the reestablishment and reorganization of the seceded southern states?

a. Reestablishment

b. Reconstruction

c. Emancipation

d. Reorganization

14. Which early federal agency provided former slaves with food, clothing, schools, and even land that had been abandoned or confiscated?

a. Freedman's Bureau

b. Freedman's Institution

c. Equality Bureau

d. Equality Institution

15. After the Civil War, many southern jurisdictions were seeking to recreate slavery in new legal forms that came to be known as the:

a. Jim Crow laws

b. Separation laws

c. Restriction Codes

d. Black Codes

16. The U.S. Congress struck back at the Black Codes by passing which Amendment in 1868?

a. Fourteenth Amendment

b. Fifteenth Amendment

c. Twelfth Amendment

d. Thirteenth Amendment

17. In response to reluctance of states to grant suffrage for blacks, the U.S. Congress passed which amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870, granting suffrage to African American males?

a. Fourteenth

b. Fifteenth

c. Sixteenth

d. Thirteenth

18. The philosophical underpinning of Jim Crow laws was:

a. slavery

b. separation

c. integration

d. racism

19. What type of racism was a combination of overt bigotry, a belief in the innate inferiority of blacks, and support for legal and normative segregation of the races?

a. separation

b. black code

c. Jim Crow

d. special

20. What did the U.S. Congress pass in response to the increasing Jim Crowism?

a. Civil Rights Act of 1875

b. Anti-racism Act of 1875

c. Equal Opportunity Act of 1875

d. Equal Rights Act of 1875

21. Despite the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, blacks were routinely denied access to public facilities, which led to five cases from five states coming before the United States Supreme Court and collectively referred to as the:

a. Equality Cases

b. Racist Cases

c. Civil Rights Cases

d. Equal Rights Cases

22. Most states were not overly troubled with granting blacks ____________ rights.

a. all types

b. civil

c. political

d. social

23. Which group's name means "citizen's committee" and were instrumental to the facts of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

a. Posse des Comite

b. Comite des Citoyens

c. Citoyens de Comitus

d. Posse Comitus

24. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that "separate but equal" laws were not repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment because they did not impact the legal equality of the races?

a. Smith v. Allwright

b. Brown v. Board of Education

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

d. Williams v. State of Mississippi

25. Which of the following black leaders emerged in the robust era of Jim Crowism with radically different ideas about how blacks should respond?

a. Martin Luther King Jr. and Booker T. Washington

b. Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois

c. W. E. B. DuBois and Martin Luther King Jr.

d. Reverend Al Sharpton and Martin Luther King Jr.

26. With the help of progressive whites, W. E. B. DuBois founded which entity in 1910?

a. Ku Klux Klan

b. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

c. Black Panther party

d. Black Panther Militant Group

27. Which jurisdiction specified in the text did not have an anti-lynching law until 1968?

a. Mississippi

b. federal government

c. Texas

d. Louisiana

28. Which court case ended racial segregation in American schools?

a. Smith v. Allwright

b. Brown v. Board of Education

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

d. Williams v. State of Mississippi

29. Which act gave federal officials both the power to bring desegregation suits on behalf of individuals and the power to withhold federal funds to school districts practicing racial discrimination?

a. Civil Rights Act of 1998

b. Civil Rights Act of 1968

c. Civil Rights Act of 1964

d. Civil Rights Act of 1875

30. By most accounts, the history of white malfeasance was worse for which group because the United States, as a matter of official policy, practiced both physical and cultural genocide against them?

a. blacks

b. Indians

c. Hispanics

d. Asians

31. Which British act forbade any further white settlement beyond the Appalachians?

a. Discovery Doctrine

b. Proclamation Act of 1763

c. Treaty of Fort Pit

d. Kansas-Nebraska Act

32. Which act passed by the Continental Congress gave Congress rather than the states the sole right to trade with the Indians?

a. Treaty of Fort Pit

b. Discovery Doctrine

c. Northwest Ordinance

d. Kansas-Nebraska Act

33. New definitions of Native American sovereignty emerged in three U.S. Supreme Court cases that have come to be known as the _______________, named after the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court at that time.

a. Brennan Trilogy

b. Marshall Trilogy

c. Warren Trilogy

d. Burger Trilogy

34. The "superiority" of Euro-Americans relative to tribal nations was enunciated by Chief Justice Marshall in an argument that has become known as the:

a. Kansas-Nebraska Act

b. Discovery Doctrine

c. Indian Removal Act

d. Northwest Ordinance

35. Under the Indian Removal Act, "Indian territory" was deemed by the federal government to be the area of what current state?

a. Oklahoma

b. Missouri

c. Kansas

d. Nebraska

36. Which was the first of a long series of trails or "long walks" suffered by Indian tribes across the country as the United States pursued its policy of Manifest Destiny?

a. Manifest Destiny

b. Indian Removal Act

c. Trail of Tears

d. assimilation

37. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court endorse the right of Congress to abrogate Indian treaties and upheld the federal government's right to tax Cherokee Tobacco sales, in violation of an 1866 treaty?

a. Standing Bear v. Crook

b. United States v. Kagama

c. Cherokee Tobacco

d. Ex Parte Crow Dog

38. The termination of treaty-making clearly stamped Indians as wards of the government and ushered in what era?

a. assimilation period

b. removal period

c. destruction period

d. genocide period

39. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was first established by which federal department in 1824?

a. War Department

b. State Department

c. Department of Homeland Security

d. Bureau of Reclamation

40. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the principle of Indians dispensing their own justice for crimes committed by Indians against other Indians on the reservation by reversing a federal district court conviction of an Indian who had been charged with the slaying of another Indian in Indian country?

a. United States v. Kagama

b. Elk v. Wilkins

c. Ex Parte Crow Dog

d. Standing Bear v. Crook

41. The original seven offenses in which act, originally aimed at Indians, later became the "index crimes" published yearly in the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports?

a. Indian Reorganization Act

b. Major Crimes Act of 1885

c. Indian Crime Act

d. Proclamation Act of 1763

42. The General Allotment Act was also called the _______________ of 1887.

a. Indian Reorganization Act

b. Indian Reclamation Act

c. Proclamation Act of 1763

d. Dawes Act

43. In which case did the legal status of Indians hit its lowest point?

a. Elk v. Wilkins

b. United States v. Kagama

c. Standing Bear v. Crook

d. Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock

44. The policy of termination had all but ended by the 1960s, and was officially renounced at President Richard Nixon's insistence by which 1975 act?

a. Dawes Act

b. Indian Self-Determination Act

c. Proclamation Act

d. Indian Reclamation Act

45. Which immigrants came to the United States voluntarily, and immediately upon arrival, became the targets of legal and extralegal harassment?

a. Japanese

b. Koreans

c. Chinese

d. Vietnamese

46. What were the conditions of employment for the Chinese sometimes referred to which often amounted to "a new system of slavery"?

a. servitude

b. coolie trade

c. indenture employment

d. nextgen slavery

47. In which case did a California circuit court rule that only individuals of European or African origins were eligible to become citizens?

a. Korematsu v. United States

b. In Re Ah Yup

c. United States v. Wong Kim Ark

d. Ex Parte Endo

48. In which landmark case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the government could not deny citizenship to anyone born in the United States?

a. In Re Ah Yup

b. Korematsu v. United States

c. Ex Parte Endo

d. United States v. Wong Kim Ark

49. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that although interment was constitutionally suspect, it was justified during circumstances of wartime "emergency and peril" and that the government's need to protect against espionage outweighed individual rights?

a. United States v. Wong Kim Ark

b. Korematsu v. United States

c. Ex Parte Endo

d. In Re Ah Yup

50. The primary cause of the Mexican-American War was the admittance of which state to the United States in 1845?

a. Texas

b. Oklahoma

c. New Mexico

d. Kentucky

51. Which minority group was granted citizenship before any other minority group?

a. Hispanics

b. Asians

c. blacks

d. Indians

52. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in favor of the descendants of Mexican land grant claimants, and many homesteaders (Anglo and Mexican) on disputed lands were evicted without any compensation for improvements they had made?

a. Hernandez v. Texas

b. In Re Ricardo Rodriguez

c. White v. Regester

d. Van Reynegan v. Bolton

53. Which program called for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the United States during World War II?

a. Operation Wetback

b. Bracero Program

c. Mexican Importation Program

d. Save Our State Initiative

54. What was a cooperative American/Mexican effort to stem the tide of illegal immigrants, under which about 1 million undocumented workers were rounded up in the United States in 1954 and handed over to Mexican authorities at the border or to Mexico deportation ships in American ports?

a. Bracero Program

b. Save Our State Initiative

c. Operation Wetback

d. Mexican Deportation Program

55. In which landmark case involving jury representation did the U.S. Supreme Court extend Fourteenth Amendment rights to Mexican Americans?

a. White v. Regester

b. Hernandez v. Texas

c. In Re Ricardo Rodriguez

d. Van Reynegan v. Bolton

56. What does the Mexican government print instructing its nationals how to avoid detection and successfully enter the United States?

a. Defection Guide

b. Migrant Guide

c. Illegals Guide

d. Anti-Detection Guide

57. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Sioux were entitled to compensation of over $100 million for the seizure of the Black Hills in 1877?

a. Nevada v. Hicks

b. Oliphant v. Suquamish

c. Van Reynegan v. Bolton

d. United States v. Sioux Nations of Indians

58. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court deny Indian tribal sovereignty civil jurisdiction over non-Indians in Indian country?

a. Oliphant v. Suquamish

b. Van Reynegan v. Bolton

c. Nevada v. Hicks

d. United States v. Sioux Nations of Indians

59. Despite less political "muscle" than any other minority, Asians have gone from being loathed as the "yellow peril" to being lauded as the:

a. model minority

b. silent minority

c. lightest minority

d. yellow minority

60. Overall, which minority group has assimilated into American culture well, with relatively minimal legal conflict?

a. blacks

b. Asians

c. Hispanics

d. Indians

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Slavery is still practiced in a variety of forms in African Islamic countries today.
2. The first African slaves were brought by Dutch traders to Jamestown, in 1619.
3. The case of Johnson v. Parker occurred in March 1655 in Virginia.
4. The terms slavery or slave do not appear in the US Constitution.
5. Anthony Johnson is the first legal slave owner in South America.
6. An important moral step in the direction of securing the “we the people” status for African Americans was in the Amistad case.
7. President Martin Van Buren was pro-slavery.
8. Roger Taney, the chief justice of the US Supreme Court in 1957, was pro-slavery.
9. The Missouri Compromise was established in 1823.
10. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1856.
11. The American Civil War began in May of 1861.
12. Slavery was a major factor leading up to the American Civil War.
13. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was first issued in September 1863.
14. Whites fared better in the aftermath of the Civil War, known as the Reconstruction.
15. Southern jurisdictions were seeking to recreate slavery in new, legal forms were known as the Black Codes.
16. Congress struck back at the Black Codes by passing the 14th Amendment in 1868.
17. Jim Crow laws were essentially any state or federal laws that prohibited the segregation of the races.
18. In response to Jim Crowism, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
19. Comite des Citoyens were a committee of mixed-races in 1892.
20. In Plessy v. Ferguson, the issue was the reasonableness of the Missouri statute.
21. The NAACP stands for the National Association for the Achievements of Colored People.
22. The KKK stands for the Klux Ku Klan.
23. In the year of 1934, the Supreme Court ruled on black rights.
24. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1969.
25. Congress passed the Voting Rights Act in 1964.
26. In 1787, the Continental Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance.
27. The Marshall Trilogy is named after Chief Justice John Marshall.
28. Congress passed the Major Crimes Act in 1887.
29. The termination of treaty-making clearly stamped Indians as wards of the government is known as the assimilation period.
30. The Roosevelt administration enacted the Indian Reorganization Act in 1943.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. How did Southern states circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment?
2. What was the Indian Removal Act and how did the Cherokee Nation respond? What was the outcome?
3. Discuss the impact that Executive Order 9066 had on Japanese Americans in the United States.
4. Discuss how the path taken by Hispanics has differed from other minority groups discussed in the chapter.
5. Discuss how far the United states has come in regards to racial civil, political, and social equality for all groups. Which group has come the furthest?