Ch13 Full Test Bank Environmental Health In Rural America

Chapter 13: Environmental Health in Rural America

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is part of the five leading causes of death in the United States?

I. Cancers

II. Heart disease

III. Unintentional injuries

A) I only

B) II and III only

C) II only

D) I and III only

E) I, II, and III

2. The institution responsible for protecting public health regulation of drinking water contaminants is which of the following?

A) Agency for Safe Drinking Water

B) Center for Disease Control and Prevention

C) Environmental Protection Agency

D) Occupational Safety and Health Administration

E) Agency for Safe Drinking Water and Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

3. Which of these factors do not influence the quality of drinking water?

A) Source of water

B) Nature of the soil surrounding the aquifer

C) Construction and depth of the well

D) The skies above the well

E) The location of the well

4. Which of these is typically utilized by large scale public water systems as drinking water?

A) Rivers

B) Surface run-off water

C) Wells

D) Ground water

E) Wells and ground water

5. Which of the following factors provides the lowest risk of contamination for wells?

A) Increased depth

B) Continuous casing

C) Average depth

D) Thin casing

E) Increased depth and continuous casing

6. The recommended minimum distance between a private well and septic tank is which of the following?

A) 25 feet

B) 100 feet

C) 150 feet

D) 50 feet

E) 75 feet

7. The leading cause of waterborne disease and outbreak according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is:

A) chemical contamination.

B) fecal contaminants.

C) waste from plant sources.

D) contaminated soils.

E) plastic waste.

8. Which of these symptoms results from nitrate exposure?

A) Increased blood pressure

B) Increased heart rate

C) Headaches

D) Increased heart rate and headaches

E) Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate

9. All of the following are components of particulate matter except:

A) sulfate and nitrate compounds.

B) carbon.

C) soil.

D) ash.

E) sewage.

10. About 99% of sulfur dioxide gases are formed by:

A) volcanic activities.

B) tornadoes.

C) burning of fossil fuels.

D) industrial activities.

E) burning of fossil fuels and industrial activities.

11. Which of the following gases contributes to acid rain?

A) Nitrogen dioxide

B) Carbon monoxide

C) Sulfur dioxide

D) Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide

E) Nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide

12. Historically, waste management in rural America comprised which of the following?

I. Backyard burning

II. Informal dumps

III. Use of water bodies as discarding sites

A) I and II only

B) I and III only

C) II and III only

D) I only

E) I, II, and III

13. The most common cause of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans poisons is which of the following?

A) Informal dumps

B) Back yard burning

C) Volcanoes

D) Hurricanes

E) Controlled waste incinerator

14. The major components of agricultural waste come in the form of:

A) sewage and manure.

B) manure and crop residue.

C) crop residue and industrial waste.

D) industrial waste and hazardous waste.

E) sewage and hazardous waste.

15. Which of the following countries produces the most e-waste?

A) United States

B) India

C) United Kingdom

D) Russia

E) China

True/False

1. True or False? Ground water is considered of a high quality and not affected by surface runoff, agricultural practices and leachate from disposal sites.

2. True or False? Limited filtration from coarse soil or insufficient soil depth will increase the likelihood of contamination.

3. True or False? Driven wells are constructed by digging with a shovel or backhoe to a depth of 10 to 30 feet.

4. True or False? Arsenic from private wells may result from natural deposits, agricultural fertilizers, or industrial waste.

5. True or False? The study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2008-2012, showed that air quality measures improved as the areas became more rural.

6. True or False? Dust and smoke are particulate matter.

7. True or False? Stratospheric ozone is very beneficial to health as it protects from ultraviolet rays.

8. True or False? Carbon monoxide, a harmful gas to human life, is more common in rural areas than urban areas.

9. True or False? Lead, though very toxic, does not contribute to behavioral and learning issues in children.

10. True or False? The United States is one of the top producers of the world’s waste.

11. True or False? Compared to rural areas, urban areas produce a higher amount of waste in the United States.

12. True or False? According to the World Health Organization, dioxins are carcinogenic.

13. True or False? As a general guiding principle, hazardous wastes are solid wastes that are reactive, inflammable, toxic, and non-corrosive in nature.

14. True or False? Refrigerators are large appliance e-wastes.

15. True or False? Studies have shown that urban areas produce greater amounts of e-waste compared to rural areas.

Essay

1. Briefly describe the nature of common pathogens found in water contaminated by fecal matter and how they impact health.

2. Briefly explain the health effects of Particulate Matter (PM).

3. List three common contaminants of private wells and describe how they affect health.

4. In order to reduce the harm posed by improper waste disposal, the Environmental Protection Agency has initiated several programs. Explain the Backhaul Alaska project.

5. Define e-waste and explain the various types.