Ch13 Development of Neuromotor Skills Lifespan Exam Prep

Chapter 13: Development of Neuromotor Skills: Lifespan Approach

Karen Y. Lunnen, PT, EdD

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Hierarchic maturation of neural structures is supported, but not fundamentally altered by, environment.

a. Neural-maturational

b. Cognitive – behavioral (Skinner)

c. Cognitive – Piagetian

d. Dynamic systems

2. Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Reinforcement from environment motivates and shapes motor and cognitive development.

a. Neural-maturational

b. Cognitive – behavioral (Skinner)

c. Cognitive – Piagetian

d. Dynamic systems

3. Which of the motor development theories is best characterized by the following statement? Development is the result of complex, dynamic interplay between mechanical, neurological, cognitive, and perceptual factors within the individual and variable aspects of the environment and the task.

a. Neural-maturational

b. Cognitive – behavioral (Skinner)

c. Cognitive – Piagetian

d. Dynamic systems

4. Which of the choices below best describe general directions of motor development in the developing infant?

a. Cephalo-caudal; proximal-distal; ulnar-radial

b. Cephalo-caudal; distal-proximal; ulnar-radial

c. Caudal-cephalo; proximal-distal; radial-ulnar

d. Caudal-cephalo; distal-proximal; radial-ulnar

5. All of the following tend to characterize reflexive versus voluntary motor activity EXCEPT:

a. Automatic responses to a stimulus

b. Tremulous movement

c. Poorly differentiated movement

d. Muscle tone increased in total patterns

6. As part of a research study on the effectiveness of a particular intervention with infants/toddlers in the 0–3 year age range you want to use a norm-referenced, highly standardized, comprehensive test of motor development. Which of the following tests would be optimal?

a. Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Motor Scale)

b. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II

c. Denver Developmental Screening Test II

d. Early Learning Accomplishment Profile

7. A 7 month-old infant would typically be expected to have developed which of the following motor skills?

a. Creeping on hands and knees

b. Sitting

c. Standing alone

d. Walking alone

8. Which of the following is the best definition of senescence?

a. Process of deterioration with aging

b. Cognitive decline with aging

c. Energy gain secondary to regular exercise

d. Physiological changes in the cardiovascular system with aging

9. Which of the following is the best definition of sarcopenia?

a. Decrease in blood hemoglobin with aging

b. Decrease in nerve conduction velocity with aging

c. Loss of muscle protein mass and function with aging

d. Weight gain with aging

10. If a 3 year-old child with cerebral palsy has persistent, exaggerated influence of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, what would be a primary goal in positioning the child in a seating system?

a. Hip flexion of at least 90 degrees

b. Stable well-aligned foot position

c. Use of a lap tray

d. Midline head position

11. All of the following concepts relate to ecological assessment EXCEPT:

a. Focus on a child’s typical surroundings/situations

b. Promote involvement of the child and family in self-initiation and problem solving

c. Minimize energy expenditure in performance of tasks

d. Stress tasks part of activities of daily living

12. All of the following statements related to norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests are true EXCEPT;

a. Norm-referenced tests are given to a large representative sample of individuals to establish normative data.

b. Criterion-referenced tests typically report standard scores.

c. Norm-referenced tests allow a particular child’s score to be compared with the average scores of a sample of children.

d. Criterion-referenced tests are interpreted on the basis of absolute criteria.

13. Standardization is an important component of many developmental tests. All of the following statements about standardization are true EXCEPT:

a. The degree of standardization has no effect on the clarity of interprofessional communication about test results

b. Provision of test materials (kit) increases standardization

c. Detailed instructions for administration and scoring of each item increases standardization

d. More highly standardized tests produce more reliable results

14. Which of the following is an example of a criterion-referenced test?

a. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II

b. Graduate Record Examination (GRE)

c. A multiple choice test like this one

d. Denver Developmental Screening Test II

15. You conduct testing on July 3, 2017 with a child whose date of birth is November 15, 2015 (born 2 months prematurely). What is the child’s adjusted age for the purposes of testing with a test like the Bayley Scales of Infant/Toddler Development III?

a. 20 months

b. 19 months 18 days

c. 18 months 18 days

d. 17 months 18 days