Ch12 Test Questions & Answers Counseling In Schools Issues

Chapter 12. Counseling in Schools: Issues and Practice

1. Ethnically and racially diverse children are _________ relative to their White counterparts in the areas of prevention, access, quality treatment, and outcomes of mental health care.

a. Well served

b. Underserved

c. Over served

d. Similarly served

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Mental Health Disparities

Question type: MC

2. Many of the identifiable risk factors for mental illness disproportionately affect which students?

a. Caucasian students

b. Suburban students

c. Students of color

d. International students

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Mental Health Disparities

Question type: MC

3. The racial achievement gap________ as children progress in school.

a. Stabilizes

b. Decreases

c. Increases

d. Disappears

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

4. According to a study conducted by the Pew Hispanic Center, English language learner (ELL) students tend to go to ________ schools that have ______standardized test scores.

a. Public; low

b. Public; high

c. Private; low

d. Private; high

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Linguistic Diversity

Question type: MC

5. Multicultural theorists have defined cultural competence as a specific area of competence that include all of the following EXCEPT

a. Cultural intelligence

b. Cultural awareness and beliefs

c. Cultural knowledge

d. Cultural skills

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Linguistic Diversity

Question type: MC

6. All of the following are challenges to the recruitment and retention of underrepresented students in STEM college majors EXCEPT

a. Lack of academic preparation

b. Low confidence levels

c. The imposter syndrome

d. Lack of interest

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Lack of Preparation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic

Question type: MC

7. Some research suggests that approximately _______ of gay and lesbian youth drop out of high school because they feel unsafe.

a. 15%

b. 20%

c. 28%

d. 36%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Peer Victimization

Question type: MC

8. According to the U.S. census, in 2007 approximately _____ of children in the United States were poor.

a. 6%

b. 11%

c. 18%

d. 25%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Mental Health Disparities

Question type: MC

9. College graduation statistics for 2007 show that African Americans received ______of STEM bachelor degrees bestowed by U.S. institutions.

a. 4–5%

b. 7–8%

c. 10–18%

d. 27–29%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Lack of Preparation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic

Question type: MC

10. College graduation statistics for 2007 show that Whites received ______of STEM bachelor degrees bestowed by U.S. institutions.

a. 44%

b. 64%

c. 75%

d. 81%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Lack of Preparation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic

Question type: MC

11. _________ is defined as trauma resulting from witnessing violence in homes and neighborhoods.

a. Secondary trauma

b. Primary trauma

c. Objective community trauma

d. Compounded community trauma

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Mental Health Disparities

Question type: MC

12. Peer victimization is also known as _____.

a. Discrimination

b. Bullying

c. Jumping

d. Hazing

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Peer Victimization

Question type: MC

13. In ________ the sweeping education reform known as No Child Left Behind was signed into law.

a. 1998

b. 2002

c. 2006

d. 2008

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

14. In terms of academic achievement, on average, African American and Latino students are ______ years behind White students of the same age across the nation.

a. 0.5

b. 1 to 1.5

c. 2 to 3

d. 3 to 4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

15. African American and Latino students have _____ access to rigorous courses compared to their White counterparts.

a. More

b. Less

c. Similar

d. Significantly more

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

16. The graduation rate for Asian American students is _________ .

a. 54%

b. 62%

c. 80%

d. 94%

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: College Access and Dropout Disparities

Question type: MC

17. At the individual school level, schools with populations comprising mostly ______students perform much worse than those with fewer _________ students.

a. High-income; High-income

b. Low-income; low-income

c. African American; African American

d. Latino/a American; Latino/a American

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

18. Low-income students are roughly ______ years of learning behind more affluent students of the same age.

a. 1.5

b. 2

c. 3

d. 3.5

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: MC

19. Of the more than 1.2 million students who fail to graduate from high school on time each year, ____________ are students of color.

a. Less than half

b. More than half

c. More than three quarters

d. Less than a quarter

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: College Access and Dropout Disparities

Question type: MC

20. Students who experience ___________ have higher incidence of depression, suicide, poor school performance, low self-esteem, absenteeism, psychiatric care and hospitalization.

a. Victimization

b. Affluenza

c. Acculturalization

d. Immigration

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Peer Victimization

Question type: MC

21. Student and school poverty adversely affects student achievement.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: TF

22. Although the graduation rate for Asian American students is high, students from some Asian ethnic subgroups, including Southeast Asians and Pacific Islanders, do not fare as well academically as their peers from other subgroups.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: College Access and Dropout Disparities

Question type: TF

23. A small proportion of African American students have access to challenging programs such as advanced placement.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: TF

24. There is NO significant achievement gap between affluent and low- income children.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Achievement Inequities

Question type: TF

25. A counselor has achieved cultural competence when he or she possesses the skills necessary to work effectively with clients from various cultural backgrounds.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Multicultural School Counseling Competence and Practice

Question type: TF

26. Consultation, unlike counseling, is an indirect service delivery approach.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Multicultural School Counseling Approaches

Question type: TF

27. In 2010, about 20% of U.S. students were identified as English language learners.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Linguistic Diversity

Question type: TF

28. Strengths-based counseling focuses on student deficits.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Multicultural School Counseling Approaches

Question type: TF

29. School counselors who utilize empowerment-focused counseling advocate for students’ self-empowerment rather than attempt to empower students themselves.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Multicultural School Counseling Approaches

Question type: TF

30. Graham (2006) found that no one ethnic group is more or less at risk for being the target of peer abuse.

a. True

b. False

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Peer Victimization

Question type: TF

31. Discuss the concept of strengths-based counseling.

a. Strengths-based counseling focuses on student assets and “positive messages”. It is a positive approach that highlights the student as the expert of his or her life in the counseling dynamic in addition to exploring how strengths and resilience traits have encouraged both coping skills and success in areas of the student’s life. The approach has two goals: (1) problem prevention and reduction and (2) skills acquisition.

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Multicultural School Counseling Approaches

Question type: ESS

32. Define social justice counseling.

a. Social justice counseling is a multifaceted approach to counseling in which practitioners strive to promote human development and the common good simultaneously by addressing challenges related to both individual and distributive justice

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Social Justice–Focused Counseling in Schools

Question type: SA

33. Define the term peer victimization.

a. Peer victimization is defined as physical, verbal, or psychological abuse that takes place in and around school, especially in places where adult supervision is minimal

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Peer victimization

Question type: SA