Ch12 Global Nutrition Test Bank Answers

Wardlaw’s Contemporary Nutrition, 11e (Smith)

Chapter 12 Global Nutrition

1) In ________, the United Nations launched a transformative agenda to address key issues related to global health. Called the Sustainable Development Goals, these 17 bold goals outline a 15-year agenda to serve as a blueprint for global health and sustainability.

A) 2000

B) 2005

C) 2010

D) 2015

2) What are the four pillars of food security?

A) Economic stability, housing, food access, and healthcare

B) Availability, access, utilization, and stability 

C) Food access, sustainability, transportation, and childcare

D) Education, entitlements, healthcare, and childcare

3) Failing health that results from a longstanding dietary intake that is not enough to meet nutritional needs is termed

A) starvation.

B) undernutrition.

C) emaciation.

D) food security.

4) Failing health that results from longstanding dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs is termed

A) undernutrition.

B) overnutrition.

C) emaciation.

D) malnutrition.

5) Undernutrition and overnutrition are two forms of

A) malnutrition.

B) chronic disease.

C) food insecurity.

D) micronutrient deficiencies.

6) Humans are least susceptible to health effects associated with undernutrition during

A) infancy.

B) pregnancy.

C) puberty.

D) adulthood.

7) The health consequences of undernutrition are most critical during

A) adulthood.

B) the college years.

C) infancy.

D) the elderly years.

8) Humans are particularly susceptible to the effects of undernutrition during periods of rapid growth, such as during

A) adulthood.

B) middle age.

C) menopause.

D) pregnancy.

9) Which of the following is not true about undernutrition during pregnancy?

A) The mother and fetus are both affected.

B) Only the mother is affected.

C) Iron-deficiency anemia is a consequence in the mother.

D) The risk of maternal death is increased.

10) Don is suffering from malnutrition. Which of the following might be true of his condition?

A) Don must be undernourished.

B) Don must be experiencing chronic hunger.

C) Don must be experiencing a vitamin deficiency.

D) Don could be suffering from undernutrition or overnutrition.

11) The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines ________ as secure access to an appropriately nutritious diet (i.e., protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water), coupled with a sanitary environment and adequate health services and care to ensure a healthy and active life for all household members.

A) food insecurity

B) food access

C) nutrition security

D) sustainability

12) Which of the following is true about chronic hunger in the world?

A) Chronic hunger is not found in developed countries.

B) Hunger is alleviated by drinking water.

C) The primary cause of hunger is poverty.

D) Hunger is the psychological state that results when enough food is eaten.

13) The primary cause of chronic hunger is

A) poverty.

B) lack of technology.

C) cultural food preferences.

D) lack of local farms in developing countries.

14) Which of the following is true about semistarvation?

A) Physical and mental impairment do not occur without clinical symptoms.

B) Often the first sign that tissues are affected is a biochemical change that may be detectable by a blood test.

C) Physical symptoms often appear before evidence of any biochemical changes.

D) Action to correct undernutrition should only be taken when clinical symptoms are detected.

15) All of the following are effects of semistarvation except

A) decreased energy level and strength.

B) poor concentration and impaired learning.

C) decreased hunger and appetite.

D) impaired immunity.

16) The organ system most affected by undernutrition in infancy and early childhood is the

A) nervous system.

B) muscular system.

C) circulatory system.

D) respiratory system.

17) The most common nutrient deficiency disease is

A) scurvy.

B) goiter.

C) beriberi.

D) iron-deficiency anemia.

18) Worldwide, the leading cause of preventable blindness is ________ deficiency.

A) iodine

B) vitamin A

C) protein

D) iron

19) Which of the following is true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

A) Calcium and vitamin D deficiency can contribute to reduced immune function.

B) Nutritional deficiencies can enhance optimal physical and mental performance.

C) Symptoms of underweight rarely result in nutritional deficiencies.

D) People in underdeveloped countries often have greater nutrient requirements to combat infectious disease and parasites.

20) A form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories, protein, or both is termed ________. Two examples of this type of malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.

A) protein-energy malnutrition

B) anorexia

C) bulimia

D) scurvy

21) Which of the following is associated with health issues related to overnutrition?

A) Goiter from iodine deficiency

B) Blindness from xerophthalmia

C) Iron-deficiency anemia

D) Coronary heart disease

22) The majority of undernourished people live in

A) North America.

B) Asia.

C) Latin America.

D) Europe.

23) Homeless children suffer higher rates of all of the following medical conditions except

A) asthma and upper respiratory tract infections.

B) tooth decay and dental caries.

C) hyperthyroidism.

D) developmental delays.

24) The homeless in the United States are at increased risk of undernutrition. Which of the following is true about the homeless?

A) Most of them are alcoholics.

B) Most of them are lazy.

C) Many are members of families with children.

D) All are poorly educated.

25) Which of the following is true about homelessness and undernutrition in America?

A) The homeless have plenty of resources; they just fail to utilize them.

B) Chronically homeless individuals are more likely to be young, female, nonwhite, and underemployed.

C) The rate of homelessness has declined over the last 25 years.  

D) The recent increase in homelessness stems from a shortage of affordable rental housing coupled with an increase in poverty.

26) Approximately how many Americans live at or near the poverty level?

A) 5 million

B) 14 million

C) 28 million

D) 43 million

27) All of the following are socioeconomic factors affecting hunger in the United States except

A) poverty.

B) homelessness.

C) politics and policy.

D) weather.

28) Urban neighborhoods and rural towns without ready access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food are called

A) safe food havens.

B) nutrition outlets.

C) fresh food oasis.

D) food deserts. 

29) Since the early 1900s, the role of the United States government in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily

A) decreased.

B) increased.

30) The food assistance program developed in the 1960s to help whole families purchase healthy foods is termed the

A) School Breakfast Program.

B) School Lunch Program.

C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

D) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

31) The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

A) provides breakfast for school children.

B) provides food vouchers and nutrition education to low-income pregnant and lactating women and their young children.

C) is provided to all American families and has no enrollment criteria.

D) was discontinued in 2015 after budget cuts.

32) Which of the following is true regarding the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A) SNAP is the current name for the old Fresh Food Bucks Program.  

B) SNAP participants can use an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card to purchase food and garden seeds to grow food.

C) The target population for SNAP benefits is pregnant or lactating women and their children.  

D) Due to improvements in economic conditions, the need for food assistance is low in the United States.

33) An unexpected financial crisis (medical emergency, death in the family, loss of a job) that prevents individuals from retaining their housing is termed

A) situational poverty.

B) systemic poverty.

C) intermittent poverty.

D) self-inflicted poverty.

34) In the United States, persistent hunger and food insecurity are largely associated with which two interrelated conditions?

A) Poverty and homelessness

B) Political unrest and single mothers

C) Technology and healthcare

D) Failing schools and poverty

35) The most recent USDA report assessing the shopping cart of SNAP participants found the top item purchased with SNAP dollars was

A) soft drinks.

B) fruits and vegetables.

C) alcohol.

D) frozen pizza.

36) The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the United States continues to be 

A) homelessness.

B) overpopulation.

C) increased life expectancy.

D) poverty.

37) Increasing per capita income and improving ________, especially for women in developing nations, are considered to be the most successful long-term solutions to excessive population growth.

A) education

B) technology

C) fertility clinics

D) transportation

38) Factors influencing the food/population ratio include all of the following except

A) high socioeconomic status.

B) war and political/civil unrest.

C) rapid depletion of natural resources.

D) AIDS.

39) In the future, billions of people are expected to face ongoing ________ shortages that will contribute to civil unrest and food shortages.

A) labor

B) water

C) oxygen

D) coal

40) Which of the following factors will adversely affect the nutritional status of a country?

A) Movement of the population to urban centers

B) Maintenance of rural, small farms

C) Movement away from the growth of cash crops

D) Discouraging the establishment of large farms

41) Housing, sanitation and storage facilities, education, communication, and transportation systems are components of a country's

A) architecture.

B) social capital.

C) social structure.

D) infrastructure.

42) To assess hunger, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) annually calculates the ________, a tool that measures and tracks global hunger based on population undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality.

A) Global Hunger Index (GHI)

B) Global Health Scale (GHS)

C) Universal Healthcare Metric (UHM)

D) Hunger and Health Scale (HHS)

43) A promising strategy to help other countries increase crop yields and food resources has been

A) to use green revolution technologies.

B) to establish large farms that grow cash crops.

C) to obtain more food sources from oceans.

D) to cut down rain forests so there is more farmable land.

44) The green revolution was a

A) movement that increased crop yields in some countries.

B) initiative to force countries to stop using fertilizers.

C) movement to prevent the destruction of rain forests.

D) Third World strategy to reduce beef intake.

45) In terms of population migration, a movement from residing in rural areas to urban areas tends to make the problem of undernutrition worse.

46) In light of its devastating toll on families and communities, a significant step toward alleviating poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa and many other developing nations would be to alleviate the spread of the disease

A) AIDS.

B) scurvy.

C) sickle cell anemia.

D) iron-deficiency anemia.

47) Which of the following is true about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) worldwide?

A) The transmission pattern is different in developed versus developing countries.

B) North America is the continent that has been the hardest hit.

C) The death rate from AIDS in the United States is increasing.

D) Antiretroviral drugs can significantly increase the progression of the disease.

48) Which of the following is true about the social and economic impact of AIDS?

A) A vaccine has been approved by the FDA to prevent AIDS.

B) AIDS will have the greatest economic impact on the United States.

C) Drug companies and governments have begun working together to lower the cost of AIDS drugs for developing nations.

D) Globally, progress toward the goal of ensuring access to HIV treatment has been slower for adults than for children.

49) The acronym AIDS stands for

A) acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

B) autoimmune deficit syndrome.

C) antibiotic infection deficiency syndrome.

D) anti-immune deficiency syndrome.

50) Which of the following is the best approach to eradicating undernutrition in developing nations?

A) Require developed countries to provide direct food aid to underdeveloped countries.

B) Improve the education, infrastructure, and resources for those living in poverty.

C) Establish large farms run by the Peace Corps.

D) Provide more jobs in urban areas.

51) Which of the following is the best approach to preventing famine in developing nations?

A) Increase the productivity of rural people by teaching them farming methods, so they can build agricultural surpluses to eat and sell.

B) Developed countries should supply food and medicine to underdeveloped countries.

C) Developing countries should grow cash crops.

D) Developing countries should avoid raising and consuming livestock.

52) Which of the following is not true about sustainable agriculture?

A) Sustainable agriculture involves maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for use long into the future.

B) Reaching the goal of worldwide sustainable agriculture requires participation by all stakeholders, including farmers, laborers, retailers, consumers, researchers, and policymakers.

C) Sustainable agriculture offers respect and fair treatment to farm workers, consumers, and the animals raised for food.

D) Sustainable agricultural practices have a promising role in developed nations, but would not benefit farmers and consumers in developing nations.  

53) The single most effective and critical health advantage for individuals wherever they live is

A) adequate calorie intake.

B) safe and accessible water supply.

C) well-built shelter.

D) government support.

54) One of the most effective methods to decrease the population aspect of the food/population ratio is for countries to institute birth control programs.

55) A collection of processes that involves the use of biological systems for altering and, ideally, improving the characteristics of plants, animals, and other forms of life is termed

A) biofeedback.

B) gene splicing.

C) biotechnology.

D) agribusiness.

56) Manipulating the DNA inside cells to improve production of materials or the material itself is called

A) social engineering.

B) translocation.

C) transcription.

D) genetic engineering.

57) A recent global analysis of over 145 studies of biotechnology crops over the past 20 years found that GMO crops have ________ chemical pesticide use as well as ________ both crop yield and farmer profits.

A) increased; increased

B) increased; decreased

C) decreased; decreased

D) decreased; increased

58) Which of the following is true about new biotechnology?

A) Compared to conventional breeding, it is more inefficient and has inconsistent results.

B) It allows scientists to create fruits and grains with greater amounts of nutrients such as beta-carotene (e.g., golden rice) and vitamins E and C.

C) It differs from traditional methods because it does not change any of the genetic material (DNA) of organisms to improve characteristics.

D) The public's response to its use has been extremely positive.

59) An extreme shortage of food with chronic hunger is termed

A) muscle wasting.

B) food insecurity.

C) nutrition insecurity.

D) famine.

Match the following FAO Dimensions of Food Security with their characteristics. 

A) ∙ Food safety

∙ Hygiene and manufacturing practices

∙ Dietary quality and diversity

B) ∙ Purchasing power

∙ Income of population

∙ Transport and market infrastructure

C) ∙ Domestic production

∙ Import capacity

∙ Food stocks

∙ Food aid

D) ∙ Weather variability

∙ Price fluctuations

∙ Political factors

∙ Economic factors

60) Availability

61) Access

62) Utilization

63) Stability

Match the following with the descriptions below.

A) A condition associated with body wasting and increased susceptibility to infections that results from prolonged consumption of insufficient amounts of food energy and protein

B) A condition of anxiety regarding running out of either food or money to buy food

C) Failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that either fails to meet or greatly exceeds nutritional needs

D) An extreme shortage of food that leads to massive starvation in a population

E) The primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food

F) Failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that does not meet nutritional needs

64) Malnutrition

65) Protein-calorie malnutrition

66) Undernutrition

67) Famine

68) Food insecurity

69) Hunger

Match the following with the descriptions below.

A) Increases in crop yields accompanying the introduction of new agricultural technologies in less developed countries

B) A collection of processes that uses advanced biological techniques to alter and ideally improve characteristics of plants, animals, and other life forms

C) Supplemental nutrition program for pregnant women, infants, and young children

D) The basic framework of a society—roads, bridges, telephones, and other technologies

E) Nutrient deficiency disease relating to vitamin A intake that causes blindness among other medical problems

F) Alteration of genetic material in plants or animals to improve growth, disease resistance, and other characteristics

G) U.S. government program utilizing volunteers placed in developing nations to help create independent, self-sustaining economies around the world

70) Xerophthalmia

71) WIC

72) Infrastructure

73) Green revolution

74) Peace Corps

75) Biotechnology

76) Genetic engineering