Ch11 Test Bank Identifying Problems In The Criminal Justice

Test Bank

Chapter 11: Identifying Problems in the Criminal Justice System

Multiple Choice

1. In the United States, one out of every ______ adults has been arrested.

a. six

b. five

c. four

d. three

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. People between the ages of ______ are most likely to commit crimes.

a. 10 and 17

b. 21 and 28

c. 35 and 45

d. 55 and older

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is the intended purpose of the criminal justice system?

a. protect members of society

b. punish those who commit criminal actions

c. address the social problem of crime

d. prevent crime from happening

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. In Phoenix, Arizona a local police chief instructed officers to only patrol neighborhoods of affluent citizens. Response times in these communities are under 4 minutes when there is an emergency. In other areas of the city, response times are over 20 minutes. What social problem was created by the police policy to only patrol the affluent neighborhoods?

a. Responding to some groups and communities as more or less deserving of criminal justice intervention.

b. Creating a stigma of criminal record forcing people to commit crimes to survive.

c. Not enough officers on patrol to meet the needs of the community.

d. Failure of the community to police their own standards.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. ______ refers to changing the law, so an action is no longer considered criminal.

a. Repeal and replace

b. Override

c. Legislative omission

d. Decriminalization

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criminalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What type of crime is considered morally wrong?

a. felony

b. misdemeanor

c. mala in se

d. mala prohibita

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A person driving under the influence of alcohol hit a pedestrian with the car. What type of crime is this?

a. felony

b. misdemeanor

c. infraction

d. mala prohibita

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The city of Chicago was having issues with people defacing local buses and trains. To stop the defacing the city passes a law banning the sale of spray paint within city limits. This type of law is known as ______.

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. res ispa

d. actus res

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. According to the conflict perspective how is the law used?

a. benefitting people with wealth and power

b. leveling social inequalities

c. paying the police high salaries

d. teaching children about morality

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Origins of Law—Consensus Versus Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Why is the phrase “criminal justice system” misleading?

a. There is not one single cohesive system in the United States.

b. Not all participants in the criminal justice system are criminals.

c. The word justice is subjective to the person who is seeking justice.

d. The system does not designate leadership or ownership.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Questioning the Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. What is a common characteristic of Black Lives Matter and Blue Lives Matter?

a. Both organizations are well respected in the community.

b. Both organizations have representation in local, state, and national government.

c. Both organizations are engaged in peaceful negations with law enforcement.

d. Both organizations are seeking the moral support of the community.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. How do the proponents of broken window policing believe crime can be stopped?

a. Donating money to improve the schools in these areas.

b. Providing more job opportunities to those in broken window areas.

c. Cracking down on disorderly behavior.

d. Placing police informants in the community.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Broken Windows

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What is the most common way people interact with police?

a. community events

b. reporting crimes

c. traffic stops

d. traffic accidents

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traffic Stops

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of police conducting pat downs of peoples’ outer garments for weapons?

a. Mapp v. Ohio

b. Floyd v. City of New York

c. Miranda v. Arizona

d. Terry v. Ohio

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stop and Frisk

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. What issue did the Floyd v. City of New York case address in Terry Stops?

a. failure to uncover illegal behavior

b. the number of people stopped

c. lack of probable cause

d. location of the stops

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stop and Frisk

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. When is police force regarded as police brutality?

a. the use of firearms or other lethal weapons

b. targeting members of minority groups in low-income areas

c. using force greater than what is necessary for public safety

d. failing to read Miranda rights at the time of arrest

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Use of Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. When there is a strong sense of legal cynicism, how do people treat police?

a. People are violent toward the police.

b. People are more willing to call and trust police.

c. People are unwilling to call or trust police.

d. People ignore the police and police themselves.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Use of Force

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. What led to the unrest and protests in Ferguson after the death of Michael Brown?

a. unlawful conduct by police officers

b. false murder convictions

c. lack of police presence in the community

d. riots over the results of a professional baseball game

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A “Ferguson effect”?

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Citizens report greater satisfaction with police performance and view the police with more legitimacy when the police ______.

a. adopt community policing strategies

b. leave the citizens alone

c. focus on patrolling the high crime areas

d. provide transparency in arrests

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The Monterey police department has an issue with people asking for spare change in tourist areas. People who are asking for spare change are causing store owners to lose customers. The police and the store owners had a meeting to solve this problem. This is an example of community ______.

a. ownership

b. discrimination

c. policing

d. crime watch

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Prisons were originally created to serve what purpose?

a. mental illness

b. rehabilitation

c. punishment

d. religious ritual

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why do We Punish?

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. People who are found guilty of first-degree murder could be put to death for their crime. The death penalty is meant to be a warning for future criminals not to commit first degree murder. What criminal justice philosophy of punishment does this scenario explain?

a. retribution

b. incapacitation

c. restoration

d. deterrence

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why do We Punish?

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Roughly ______ of people in jails have not been convicted of a crime.

a. two-thirds

b. one-half

c. three-quarters

d. one-third

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail or Bail?

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The United States has a ______ bail system.

a. merit

b. time served

c. cash

d. needs based

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail or Bail?

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Matthew Sample is a white-collar criminal who stole over one-million dollars from his unsuspecting clients. Which factor influenced the first judge to sentence him to probation?

a. Sample had no criminal record before this action.

b. Sample had many philanthropic charities that depended on him.

c. Sample had a good job and could pay back the money he stole.

d. The judge was bound by mandatory sentencing guidelines.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The White-Collar Premium

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. In ______, the number of people incarcerated in the United States hit an all-time high.

a. 2009

b. 2008

c. 2007

d. 2006

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. “Truth-in-sentencing” laws require an offender to ______.

a. serve time based on their charges

b. apologize to the victims

c. serve 85% of their sentence

d. serve 100% of their sentence

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Substantial increased drug arrests and criminal penalties are the result of ______.

a. the War on Drugs

b. “truth-in-sentencing” laws

c. “tough-on-crime” policies

d. mandatory minimums

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Ivan was serving time for armed robbery. He was released early for his good behavior. What was Ivan released on?

a. probation

b. parole

c. community corrections

d. determinate sentencing

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mass Probation and Parole

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. Maria was convicted of a crime, but rather than prison she was allowed to check in with a court officer and keep her regular life going. What type of sentencing did she have?

a. bail

b. probation

c. parole

d. time served

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Probation and Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. According to sociological research on the hiring practices of employers, which demographic suffers the most from collateral consequences?

a. white men

b. black men

c. Latino men

d. white women

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Chris has recently been released from prison for car theft. He is applying for a job at the local Burger King. On the application there is a box asking if they have been convicted of a crime. He checked yes. During the interview he is told that the job is going to someone who doesn’t have a criminal conviction. This is an example of ______.

a. discrimination

b. non-criminal preference

c. collateral consequences

d. at will employment

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Criminals who offend after a criminal sanction has previously been imposed is known as ______.

a. committing crimes

b. recidivism

c. reoffending

d. collateral consequences

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which social factor reduces recidivism rates?

a. strong interpersonal relationships

b. stricter laws

c. drug addiction

d. collateral consequences

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What is an unintended consequence of the “ban-the-box” movement?

a. expungement

b. racial discrimination

c. mandatory minimum sentencing

d. community disorder

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The “Ban-the-Box” Movement

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Expungement is available primarily to people ______.

a. with felony records

b. with misdemeanor records

c. with no criminal record

d. with a long history of committing crimes

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. ______ refers to the process of getting a criminal record sealed or physically destroyed.

a. Expungement

b. Clearing

c. Pardon

d. Finding of Innocence

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Chris was convicted of robbing houses. Twenty years after his conviction his records were expunged. One day Chris’ employer finds his arrest record online. As a result, Chris is fired. This is an instance of ______.

a. digital punishment

b. online punishment

c. digital stalking

d. online stalking

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. Even if someone’s record is expunged why might they still suffer from digital punishment?

a. There is lack of oversight to correct errors or update information once posted on the internet.

b. Felony offenders are denied internet services due to dark web suspicion.

c. All internet data is stored with the Library of Congress.

d. Companies who own databases are trying to market information rather than verify information.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. What is the purpose of getting a record expunged?

a. Eligibility for a driver’s license and other official documentation.

b. Ability to restore their lost rights from a criminal conviction.

c. Preventing collateral consequences.

d. Making it easily accessible to the public.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The weekly turnover rate for jails is over 50%.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The law can criminalize inaction.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The criminal justice system creates a class of citizens that must deal with the stigma of having a criminal record.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The U.S. Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Changes in public morality can lead to changes in law.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Murder is a mala prohibita offense, because as a society it is morally wrong to kill.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Misdemeanors convictions can result in prison time.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. By legalizing Marijuana in Washington and Colorado, if you are a citizen of those states in possession of marijuana while physically in another state, you are protected from prosecution.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criminalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. The criminal justice system provides equal access to justice for all.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Questioning the Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Police are the first entry point and the last exit point of the criminal justice system.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. African Americans are stopped by police, receive more citations, and are arrested more than white people.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race and Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Black motorists are more likely to have contraband in their vehicles. That is why they are targeted for stops by police.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traffic Stops

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. A Terry Stop requires knowledge of a crime happening.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stop and Frisk

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The issuing of warrants for unpaid traffic tickets lead to distrust of the police in Ferguson.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A “Ferguson Effect”?

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The “Ferguson effect” shows that more crime was committed after a high-profile officer involved shooting.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A “Ferguson Effect”?

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Community policing is rooted in the idea that police and the community work together in crime prevention.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Body-Worn Cameras recordings are treated the same as poly graph tests and cannot be used as evidence in courts.

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Penitentiary derives from the word penitence, or to be remorseful.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Punish?

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. If a person is caught stealing and has to repay the amount stolen, scholars would call this rehabilitate punishment.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Do We Punish?

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Indigent people are highly disadvantaged in the criminal justice system.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Wealth Gap in Justice

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. State and Federal prisons are short term holding facilities for offenders to transition back to real life.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail or Bail?

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. People can stay in jail for days, weeks, or even months if they cannot afford bail.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail or Bail?

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Most people are pushed to plea bargain to avoid costly trials and potential jail times.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: If You Cannot Afford an Attorney…

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. White-collar crimes receive longer sentences than street crimes.

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The White-Collar Premium

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Criminal records are often a barrier to gaining employment.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Collateral consequences can affect family members state of mind and ability to function.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Monk was convicted of embezzling money from a bank. He is applying for a bank teller position. Under the ban the box movement, he should have to disclose his criminal past.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The “Ban-the-Box” Movement

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. Expungement of criminal records is the physical destruction of felony conviction records.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Certificate of Actual Innocence focuses on arrests records.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Expunged records clean up a digital foot print.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Digital punishment is when a criminal record is expunged, but notices and files can still be found online.

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expungement of Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Why is the prosecutor’s rule important in the lives of possible offenders?

A: The prosecutor determines if charges will get filed on an offender. If no charges are filed, the offender will not have a criminal record and will not have the adverse effects of a criminal record.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Components of the Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. John comes from a very wealthy family. He is elected to the Senate and proposes a bill that would allow for housing complexes to set a minimum income for those who can apply to live there. This area has the safest neighborhoods and best schools in the state. If this law is passed only people making $900,000 a year could live in the area. How is John using the law?

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Origins of Law—Conflict Versus Consensus.

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Criminologists question the word “justice” as part of the “criminal justice system.” What do criminologists point to for support of their disapproval of the word “justice?”

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Questioning the Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What societal problems are created by enforcing a broken windows policing theory?

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Broken Windows

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What is the “Ferguson effect”?

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A “Ferguson Effect”?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What are the major benefits of body-worn cameras for police?

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Why is the two-tiered bail system inherently biased?

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Jail or Bail

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Luke was arrested for murder. He has the choice to hire a private attorney or get a public defender. Which should Luke choose and why?

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: If You Cannot Afford an Attorney…

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. What are collateral consequences to a criminal conviction?

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What are the unintended consequences in the “ban-the-box” movement?

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The “Ban-the-Box” Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Which is the most powerful component of the criminal justice system: police, prosecution, or courts? Justify your answer.

Learning Objective: 11.1: How does criminal law reflect our understanding of what constitutes a social problem?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Criminalization and Types of Criminal Offenses

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Police are patrolling several low-income neighborhoods over a 2-month period. During that 2 months, they stopped 15,000 people using Terry v. Ohio as justification. During the pat down of the 15,000 people, police found no weapons and no stolen goods. Did these stops violate the Constitution? Why or Why not?

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Stop and Frisk

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. With social media and mainstream media focusing heavily on the racial issues surrounding police interactions with minorities, legal cynicism has become normal for these communities. In what ways does legal cynicism break down community policing opportunities?

Learning Objective: 11.2: What social problems occur in U.S. policing?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Improving Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What issues in the U.S. bail system inhabit people from being released from jail prior to trial?

Learning Objective: 11.3: What social problems occur in courts and corrections?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Jail or Bail

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Why do collateral consequences lead to recidivism?

Learning Objective: 11.4: How can we improve the criminal justice system in the United States?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criminal Records

Difficulty Level: Medium