Ch11 – Analysis Of Variance And | Test Questions & Answers

File: Ch11, Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments

True/False

1. In an experimental design, classification variables are independent variables.

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

2. In an experimental design, treatment variables are response variables.

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

3. In an experimental design, a characteristic of the subjects that was present prior to the experiment and is not the result of the experimenter’s manipulations or control is called a classification variable.

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

4. In an experimental design, a variable that the experimenter controls or modifies in the experiment is called a treatment variable.

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

5. An experimental design contains only independent variables.

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

6. Analysis of variance may be used to test the differences in the means of more than two independent populations.

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

7. In analysis of variance tests an F distribution forms the basis for making the decisions.

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

8. The statistical methods of analysis of variance assume that the populations are normally distributed.

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

9. The statistical methods of analysis of variance assume equal sample means.

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

10. Determining the table value for the F distribution requires two values for degrees of freedom.

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

11. The Tukey-Kramer procedure is based on construction of confidence intervals for each pair of treatment means at a time.

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.3: Use multiple comparison techniques, including Tukey’s honestly significant difference test and the Tukey-Kramer procedure, to test the difference in two treatment means when there is overall significant difference between treatments.

12. The Tukey-Kramer procedure allows us to simultaneously examine all pairs of population means after the ANOVA test has been completed without increasing the true α level.

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

13. A completely randomized design has been analyzed by using a one-way ANOVA. There are three treatment groups in the design, and each sample size is four. The mean for group 1 is 25.00 and for group 3 it is 27.50. MSE is 3.19. Using α=0.05 there is a significant difference between these two groups.

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Hard

14. A completely randomized design has been analyzed by using a one-way ANOVA. There are three treatment groups in the design, and each sample size is four. The mean for group 1 is 23.50 and for group 3 it is 27.50. MSE is 3.19. Using α=0.05 there is a significant difference between these two groups.

Ans: True

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Hard

15. If 5 groups are tested two at a time, the total number of paired comparisons is 9.

Ans: False

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Hard

16. In a randomized complete block design the conclusion might be that blocking is not necessary.

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

17. The F value for treatment will always increase if we include a blocking effect.

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

18. Interaction effects in a factorial design can be analyzed in randomized block design.

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.5: Test a factorial design using a two-way analysis of variance, noting the advantages and applications of such a design and accounting for possible interaction between two treatment variables.

19. An experimental design where two or more treatments are considered simultaneously is called a factorial design.

Ans: True

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

20. A pet adoption agency is considering the probability of a pet being adopted when considering its age and its size. A factorial design can help the agency consider the interaction effects between adoption and size.

Ans: False

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

21. In a two-way ANOVA test, three sets of hypotheses are tested simultaneously.

Ans: True

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

22. When considering the interaction effects, the null hypothesis is that those effects are zero.

Ans: True

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Multiple Choice

23. Suppose the owners of a new bed and breakfast establishment are interested in conducting an experiment to determine the most effective advertisement strategy for increasing the number of reservations. The bed and breakfast owners intend to rotate advertisements for 12 weeks between a travel website, a travel magazine and a local billboard. Customers making reservations will be asked where they saw the advertisement. In this experiment, the dependent variable is ________________.

a) advertisement venue

b) bed and breakfast establishment

c) travel website

d) number of reservations

e) number of customer calls

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

24. Suppose the owners of a new bed and breakfast establishment are interested in conducting an experiment to determine the most effective advertisement strategy for increasing the number of reservations. The bed and breakfast owners intend to rotate advertisements for 12 weeks between a travel website, a travel magazine and a local billboard. Customers making reservations will be asked where they saw the advertisement. In this experiment, the independent variable is ________________.

a) advertisement venue

b) bed and breakfast establishment

c) travel website

d) number of reservations

e) number of customer calls

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

25. Suppose the owners of a new bed and breakfast establishment are interested in conducting an experiment to determine the most effective advertisement strategy for increasing the number of reservations. The bed and breakfast owners intend to rotate advertisements for 12 weeks between a travel website, a travel magazine and a local billboard. Customers making reservations will be asked where they saw the advertisement. In this experiment, the independent variable has how many levels?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

e) 0

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

26. Suppose the owners of a new bed and breakfast establishment are interested in conducting an experiment to determine the most effective advertisement strategy for increasing the number of reservations. The bed and breakfast owners intend to rotate advertisements for 12 weeks between a travel website, a travel magazine and a local billboard. Customers making reservations will be asked where they saw the advertisement. In this experiment, the independent variable is a ________________.

a) treatment variable

b) classification variable

c) experimental variable

d) design variable

e) research variable

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

27. Suppose the owners of a new bed and breakfast establishment are interested in conducting an experiment to determine with method of transportation customers prefer to arrive at the bed and breakfast. In this experiment, they will ask customers how they traveled as well as their satisfaction with that mode of transportation. In this study, the independent variable is a ___________.

a) treatment variable

b) classification variable

c) experimental variable

d) design variable

e) research variable

Ans: b

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

28. Which of the following factors would be considered a classification variable?

a) Diets

b) Exercise routines

c) Heights

d) Temperatures in the room

e) Exercise time

Ans: b

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

29. Which of the following would be an appropriate way for a researcher to use temperature as a classification variable?

a) Increasing the room temperature each hour

b) Selecting individuals from different climates

c) Decreasing the room temperature each hour

d) Selecting individuals based on whether they are wearing coats

e) Changing the density of people in a set area

Ans: b

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

30. The subcategories of independent variables are often called __________.

a) Levels

b) Dependents

c) ANOVA

d) Experiments

e) Climates

Ans: a

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

31. The ANOVA statistical technique is primarily used to determine why there are differences from item to item in the sample when looking at a key variable’s _______.

a) variance

b) median

c) mean

d) standard deviation

e) width

Ans: c

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

32. In an experimental design, part of the total ___________ in the dependent variable is being explained by differences in the __________ variable.

a) width, key

b) variance, key

c) mean, independent

d) variance, independent

e) width, dependent

Ans: d

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

33. A college administrator might want to determine if there are differences in credit hour loads based on student living arrangements as well as student grade level. In this case, the independent variable(s) is/are _________________.

a) credit hours

b) credit hours and living arrangements

c) living arrangements

d) grade level

e) living arrangements and grade level

Ans: e

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

34. A college administrator might want to determine if there are differences in credit hour loads based on student living arrangements as well as student grade level. In this case, the dependent variable(s) is/are _________________.

a) credit hours

b) credit hours and living arrangements

c) living arrangements

d) grade level

e) living arrangements and grade level

Ans: a

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables – both treatment and classification – and dependent variables.

35. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. Kathleen's experimental design is a ________.

a) factorial design

b) randomized block design

c) normalized block design

d) completely randomized design

e) fractional design

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

36. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. In Kathleen's experimental design "painting style" is _______.

a) the dependent variable

b) a concomitant variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a response variable

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

37. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. In Kathleen's experimental design "reduced length of stay" is _______.

a) the dependent variable

b) a concomitant variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

38. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. Kathleen's null hypothesis is _____________.

a)  1   2   3

b)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

39. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. Analysis of Kathleen's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value is _____________.

a) 13.68

b) 19.43

c) 3.59

d) 19.45

e) 3.68

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

40. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. Analysis of Kathleen's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the observed F value is _____________.

a) 16738.1

b) 1769.75

c) 33476.19

d) 26546.18

e) 9.457912

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

41. Medical Wonders is a specialized interior design company focused on healing artwork. The CEO, Kathleen Kelledy claims that artwork has healing effects for patients staying in a hospital, as measured by reduced length of stay. Her current client is a children’s cancer hospital. Kathleen is interested in determining the effect of three different pieces of healing artwork on children. She chooses three paintings (a horse photo, a bright abstract, and a muted beach scene) and randomly assigns six hospital rooms to each painting. Analysis of Kathleen's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _____________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1   2  3

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) inconclusive

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

42. Pate's Pharmacy, Inc. operates a regional chain of 120 pharmacies. Each pharmacy's floor plan includes a greeting card department which is relatively isolated. Sandra Royo, Marketing Manager, feels that the level of lighting in the greeting card department may affect sales in that department. She chooses three levels of lighting (soft, medium, and bright) and randomly assigns six pharmacies to each lighting level. Analysis of Sandra's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	3608.333	2	1804.167
Error	13591.67	15	906.1111
Total	17200	17

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value is _____________.

a) 13.68

b) 19.43

c) 3.59

d) 19.45

e) 3.68

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

43. Pate's Pharmacy, Inc. operates a regional chain of 120 pharmacies. Each pharmacy's floor plan includes a greeting card department which is relatively isolated. Sandra Royo, Marketing Manager, feels that the level of lighting in the greeting card department may affect sales in that department. She chooses three levels of lighting (soft, medium, and bright) and randomly assigns six pharmacies to each lighting level. Analysis of Sandra's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	3608.333	2	1804.167
Error	13591.67	15	906.1111
Total	17200	17

Using  = 0.05, the observed F value is _____________.

a) 0.5022

b) 0.1333

c) 1.9911

d) 7.5000

e) 1.000

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

44. Pate's Pharmacy, Inc. operates a regional chain of 120 pharmacies. Each pharmacy's floor plan includes a greeting card department which is relatively isolated. Sandra Royo, Marketing Manager, feels that the level of lighting in the greeting card department may affect sales in that department. She chooses three levels of lighting (soft, medium, and bright) and randomly assigns six pharmacies to each lighting level. Analysis of Sandra's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	3608.333	2	1804.167
Error	13591.67	15	906.1111
Total	17200	17

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _____________.

a) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  2   3

c) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) inclusive

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

45. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Kevin's experimental design is a ________.

a) factorial design

b) randomized block design

c) completely randomized design

d) normalized block design

e) partially randomized design

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

46. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Kevin's null hypothesis is _____________.

a)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

b)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c)  1   2  3

d)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

47. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Analysis of Kevin's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between Groups	68102.33	2	34051.17	17.50543
Within Groups	29177.67	15	1945.178
Total	97280	17

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _____________.

a) inconclusive

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) reject the null hypothesis  1  2   3

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

e) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

48. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Analysis of Kevin's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between Groups	68102.33	2	34051.17
Within Groups	29177.67	15	1945.178
Total	97280	17

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value is _____________.

a) 3.57

b) 19.43

c) 3.68

d) 19.45

e) 2.85

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

49. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Analysis of Kevin's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between Groups	68102.33	2	34051.17
Within Groups	29177.67	15	1945.178
Total	97280	17

Using  = 0.05, the observed F value is _____________.

a) 0.5022

b) 0.1333

c) 1.9911

d) 17.5100

e) 22.4567

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

50. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. Analysis of Kevin's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between Groups	384.3333	2	192.1667
Within Groups	1359.667	15	90.64444
Total	1744	17

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _____________.

a) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  2 3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠ 3

c) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

51. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. Cindy's experimental design is a ________.

a) factorial design

b) randomized block design

c) completely randomized design

d) normalized block design

e) incomplete block design

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

52. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. In Cindy's experiment, "average collection period" is ________.

a) the dependent variable

b) a treatment variable

c) a blocking variable

d) a concomitant variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

53. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. In Cindy's experiment, "sales discount rate" is ______.

a) the dependent variable

b) a treatment variable

c) a blocking variable

d) a concomitant variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

54. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. Cindy's null hypothesis is ______.

a) 1 2 3 4 5

b) 1 ≠ 2 ≠3 ≠ 4 ≠ 5

c) 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3 ≠ 4

d) 1 2 3 4

e) 1 ≠ 2 3 4

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

55. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	1844.2	3	614.7333	7.568277
Error	1299.6	16	81.225
Total	3143.8	19

Using  = 0.01, the appropriate decision is _________.

a) reject the null hypothesis 

b) reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3 ≠ 4

c) do not reject the null hypothesis 

d) do not reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3 ≠4 ≠ 5

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

56. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	5.35	3	1.783333
Error	177.2	16	11.075
Total	182.55	19

Using  = 0.01, the critical F value is _________.

a) 5.33

b) 6.21

c) 0.16

d) 5.29

e) 6.89

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

57. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	5.35	3	1.783333
Error	177.2	16	11.075
Total	182.55	19

Using  = 0.01, the observed F value is _________.

a) 6.2102

b) 0.1610

c) 0.1875

d) 5.3333

e) 4.9873

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

58. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) by randomly assigning five customers to each sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	5.35	3	1.783333
Error	177.2	16	11.075
Total	182.55	19

Using  = 0.01, the appropriate decision is _________.

a) reject the null hypothesis 

b) reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3 ≠ 4

c) do not reject the null hypothesis 

d) do not reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3 ≠4

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

59. Suppose a researcher sets up a design in which there are five different treatments and a total of 32 measurements in the study. For alpha = .01, the critical table F value is ____.

a) 3.75

b) 3.78

c) 4.07

d) 4.11

e) 4.91

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

60. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA, the Total Sum of Squares (SST) is ________.

a) 36.17

b) 28.75

c) 64.92

d) 18.03

e) 28.04

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

61. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA, the Between Sum of Squares (SSC is ________.

a) 36.17

b) 28.75

c) 64.92

d) 18.03

e) 28.04

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

62. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA, the Error Sum of Squares (SSE) is ________.

a) 36.17

b) 28.75

c) 64.92

d) 18.03

e) 28.04

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

63. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA using  = 0.05, the critical F value is ________.

a) 3.86

b) 3.59

c) 19.38

d) 4.26

e) 6.8

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

64. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA using  = 0.05, the observed F value is ________.

a) 5.66

b) 3.19

c) 18.08

d) 4.34

e) 8.98

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

65. Data from a completely randomized design are shown in the following table.

Treatment Level
1	2	3
27	26	27
26	22	29
23	21	27
24	23	26

For a one-way ANOVA using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is ________.

a) do not reject the null hypothesis 1 ≥ 2 ≥ 3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis 1 ≤ 2 ≤ 3

c) reject the null hypothesis 

d) reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3

e) do not reject the null hypothesis 1 ≠ 2 ≠ 3

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

66. For the following ANOVA table, the dfTreatment value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	150
Error	40	20
Total		23

a) 3

b) 43

c) 1.15

d) 460

e) 150

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

67. For the following ANOVA table, the MS Treatment value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	150
Error	40	20
Total		23

a) 150

b) 50

c) 450

d) 3.49

e) 40

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

68. For the following ANOVA table, the MS Error value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	150
Error	40	20
Total		23

a) 20

b) 60

c) 800

d) 2

e) 200

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

69. For the following ANOVA table, the observed F value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	150
Error	40	20
Total		23

a) 0.5625

b) 50

c) 25

d) 0.02

e) 0.09

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

70. For the following ANOVA table, the dfError value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment		4
Error	360
Total	440	16

a) 4

b) 20

c) 12

d) 64

e) 16

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

71. For the following ANOVA table, the MS Treatment value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment		4
Error	360
Total	440	16

a) 20

b) 200

c) 76

d) 84

e) 360

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

72. For the following ANOVA table, the MS Error value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment		4
Error	360
Total	440	16

a) 4,320

b) 372

c) 348

d) 30

e) 4

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

73. For the following ANOVA table, the observed F value is ___________.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment		4
Error	360
Total	440	16

a) 0.67

b) 1.50

c) 6.00

d) 5.00

e) 4.00

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

74. For the following ANOVA table, the critical value of the studentized range distribution using  = 0.05 is ______.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	36.17	2	18.08	5.66
Error	28.75	9	3.19
Total	64.92	11

a) 1.86

b) 3.95

c) 9.17

d) 1.65

e) 1.79

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

75. For the following ANOVA table, the HSD value, assuming equal sample sizes and using  = 0.05 is ______.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	36.17	2	18.08	5.66
Error	28.75	9	3.19
Total	64.92	11

a) 1.86

b) 3.94

c) 3.19

d) 1.645

e) 3.52

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

76. For the following ANOVA table, the critical value of the studentized range distribution using  = 0.01 is ______.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	0.1233	2	0.06165	1.566311
Error	0.5904	15	0.03936
Total	0.7137	17

a) 3.01

b) 3.67

c) 4.17

d) 4.83

e) 5.25

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

77. For the following ANOVA table, the HSD value, assuming equal sample sizes and using  = 0.01, is ______.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	0.1233	2	0.06165	1.566311
Error	0.5904	15	0.03936
Total	0.7137	17

a) 0.39

b) 0.55

c) 0.48

d) 0.43

e) 0.68

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

78. Posteriori pairwise comparisons are only made in situations where ______________.

a) there was a significant F value and it is after the experiment

b) there was not a significant F value and it is after the experiment

c) there was a significant F value and it is before the experiment

d) the analyst wants to compare any two samples after the experiment

e) there was not a significant F value and it is before the experiment

Ans: a

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

79. The primary difference between when Tukey’s HSD test and when Tukey-Kramer procedures should be used is _______________.a) how many samples are being compared with each other

b) the complexity of the calculations

c) whether the variances are equal across all groups

d) whether the sample sizes are equal

e) which the researcher believes will provide the most accurate outcome

Ans: d

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

80. If the confidence interval for the difference of means contains zero, then it can be concluded that ________________.

a) there is a significant difference in the variances

b) there is not a significant difference in the means

c) there is a significant difference in the means

d) the groups are the same on all measures

e) there is not a significant difference in the variances

Ans: b

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

81. The results of an experiment comparing the cycle lengths of three different brands of washing machines (N=33) indicated an overall mean square error of 2.58. The researcher believes that the brands 1 and 2 may be the most different as they have mean cycles of 31.8 (n=12) and 35.9 (n=10). Using an alpha of 0.05, what would be the q obtained for this problem?

a) 3.44

b) 3.80

c) 2.86

d) 3.49

e) 3.82

Ans: d

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

82. The results of an experiment comparing the cycle lengths of three different brands of washing machines (N=33) indicated an overall mean square error of 2.58. The researcher believes that the brands 1 and 2 may be the most different as they have mean cycles of 31.8 (n=12) and 35.9 (n=10). Using an alpha of 0.05, what would be the result of the Tukey-Kramer formula?

a) 3.49

b) 0.64

c) 1.70

d) 1.49

e) 3.82

Ans: c

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

83. The results of an experiment comparing the cycle lengths of three different brands of washing machines (N=33) indicated an overall mean square error of 2.58. The researcher believes that the brands 1 and 2 may be the most different as they have mean cycles of 31.8 (n=12) and 35.9 (n=10). Using an alpha of 0.05, would the research find evidence of a significant difference in these brands?

a) Yes, as the difference in the means is larger than the critical value

b) No, as the critical value is smaller than the overall sample size

c) Yes, as the difference in the means is smaller than the critical value

d) No, as the difference in the means is larger than the critical value

e) No, as the difference in the means is smaller than the critical value

Ans: a

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

84. A manufacturer of heaters wants to determine if the height of the heater warms a room more quickly. Four different heights were studied. The shortest heater group had n=12 with an average time to heat the room of 15.9 minutes. The tallest heater group had n=10 with an average time to heat the room of 17.3 minutes. Using an alpha of 0.01, MSE of 2.88, and N=44, what would be the q obtained for this problem?

a) 4.80

b) 3.74

c) 4.70

d) 4.60

e) 3.70

Ans: c

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

85. A manufacturer of heaters wants to determine if the height of the heater warms a room more quickly. Four different heights were studied. The shortest heater group had n=12 with an average time to heat the room of 15.9 minutes. The tallest heater group had n=10 with an average time to heat the room of 17.3 minutes. Using an alpha of 0.01, MSE of 2.88, and N=44, what would be the result of the Tukey-Kramer formula?

a) 4.70

b) 2.01

c) 1.24

d) 1.40

e) 2.41

Ans: e

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

86. A manufacturer of heaters wants to determine if the height of the heater warms a room more quickly. Four different heights were studied. The shortest heater group had n=12 with an average time to heat the room of 15.9 minutes. The tallest heater group had n=10 with an average time to heat the room of 17.3 minutes. Using an alpha of 0.01, MSE of 2.88, and N=44, would the research find evidence of a significant difference in these brands?

a) Yes, as the difference in the means is larger than the critical value

b) No, as the critical value is smaller than the overall sample size

c) Yes, as the difference in the means is smaller than the critical value

d) No, as the difference in the means is larger than the critical value

e) No, as the difference in the means is smaller than the critical value

Ans: e

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

87. If an experiment had a total of 7 groups, how many pairs of groups could be test with a pairwise comparison?

a) 14

b) 49

c) 7

d) 21

e) 42

Ans: d

Response: See section 11.3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

88. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. In Kevin's experiment "sales at a website" is _______.

a) a blocking variable

b) a concomitant variable

c) a treatment variable

d) the dependent variable

e) the independent variable

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

89. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Cindy wants to control for the size of the customer but not to test for it as the main variable, so she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. Cindy's experimental design is a ________.

a) normalized block design

b) completely randomized design

c) factorial design

d) randomized block design

e) partially randomized design

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

90. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount level offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). First, she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. In Cindy's experiment "average collection period" is ________.

a) a concomitant variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

91. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Cindy wants to control for the size of the customer but not to test for it as the main variable, so she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. In Cindy's experiment "total asset size of credit customer" is ________.

a) a surrogate variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a blocking variable

d) a treatment variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

92. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). First, she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. In Cindy's experiment "sales discount rate" is ________.

a) a surrogate variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a blocking variable

d) a treatment variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

93. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). First, she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. Cindy's null hypothesis is ________.

a)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3 ≠  4

b)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3 ≥  4

c) 

d)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3 ≤  4

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3 ≤  4

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

94. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). First, she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	64.91667	3	21.63889	8.752809
Block	10.5	2	5.25	2.123596
Error	14.83333	6	2.472222
Total	90.25	11

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision for treatment effects is ________.

a) reject the null hypothesis 

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3 ≠  4

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3 ≥  4

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3 ≤  4

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

95. Cindy Ho, VP of Finance at Discrete Components, Inc. (DCI), theorizes that the discount rate offered to credit customers affects the average collection period on credit sales. Accordingly, she has designed an experiment to test her theory using four sales discount rates (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). First, she classified DCI's credit customers into three categories by total assets (small, medium, and large). Then, she randomly assigned four customers from each category to a sales discount rate. An analysis of Cindy's data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	64.91667	3	21.63889	8.752809
Block	10.5	2	5.25	2.123596
Error	14.83333	6	2.472222
Total	90.25	11

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision for block effects is ________.

a) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis 

c) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

96. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

The Total Sum of Squares (SST) is ________.

a) 4.67

b) 12

c) 2.33

d) 28.67

e) 11

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

97. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

The Treatment Sum of Squares (SSB) is ________.

a) 4.67

b) 12

c) 2.33

d) 28.67

e) 11

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

98. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

The Blocks Sum of Squares (SSR) is ________.

a) 4.67

b) 12

c) 2.33

d) 28.67

e) 11

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

99. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

The Error Sum of Squares (SSE) is ________.

a) 4.67

b) 12

c) 2.33

d) 28.67

e) 11

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

100. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value for the treatments null hypothesis is ________.

a) 3.59

b) 4.76

c) 3.98

d) 5.14

e) 9.89

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

101. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

Using  = 0.05, the observed F value for the treatments null hypothesis is _____.

a) 5.14

b) 0.37

c) 1.17

d) 0.22

e) 2.00

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

102. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision for the treatments is ________.

a) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 =  2 =  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  4

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3 ≥  4

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

103. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value for the blocking effects null hypothesis is ___.

a) 3.59

b) 4.76

c) 3.98

d) 5.14

e) 6.54

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

104. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

With  = 0.05, the observed F value for the blocking effects null hypothesis is__.

a) 0.37

b) 5.14

c) 1.17

d) 2.33

e) 2.00

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

105. Data from a randomized block design are shown in the following table.

	Treatment Levels
	1	2	3	4
Block 1	8	5	10	7
Block 2	6	6	9	5
Block 3	7	8	8	9

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision for the blocking effects is ________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) do not reject the null hypothesis 

d) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

106. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. Colin's experimental design is _____________.

a) randomized block design

b) normalized block design

c) completely randomized design

d) factorial design

e) fractional design

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

107. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. In Colin's experiment, "operator productivity" is _____________.

a) a concomitant variable

b) a treatment variable

c) the dependent variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

108. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. In Colin's experiment, "training method" is _____________.

a) a treatment variable

b) a surrogate variable

c) the dependent variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

109. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. In Colin's experiment, "supervisor's style" is _____________.

a) the dependent variable

b) a blocking variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a surrogate variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

110. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. Colin's null hypothesis for training methods is _____________.

a) 

b)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

d)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

111. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. Analysis of Colin's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (supervisor's style)	410.8889	1	410.8889	45.09756
Column (training method)	120.7778	2	60.38889	6.628049
Interaction	2.111111	2	1.055556	0.115854
Within	109.3333	12	9.111111
Total	643.1111	17

Using  = .05, the appropriate decision for "training method" effects is _____________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1  3

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  2

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

112. While reviewing staffing plans for a new pilot plant, Colin Chenaux, VP of Operations at Clovis Chemicals, Inc., designed an experiment to test the effects of "supervisor's style" and "training method" on the productivity of operators. The treatment levels were: (1) authoritarian, and participatory for supervisor's style, and (2) technical manuals, training films, and multimedia for training method. Three qualified applicants were randomly selected and assigned to each of the six cells. Analysis of Colin's data produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (supervisor's style)	410.8889	1	410.8889	45.09756
Column (training method)	120.7778	2	60.38889	6.628049
Interaction	2.111111	2	1.055556	0.115854
Within	109.3333	12	9.111111
Total	643.1111	17

Using  = .05, the appropriate decision for "supervisor's style" effects is _____________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  3

c) reject the null hypothesis  1  2

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 =  2

e) do nothing

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

113. BigShots, Inc. is a specialty e-tailer that operates 87 catalog websites on the Internet. Kevin Conn, Sales Director, feels that the style (color scheme, graphics, fonts, etc.) of a website may affect its sales. He chooses three levels of design style (neon, old world and sophisticated) and randomly assigns six catalog websites to each design style. In Kevin’s experiment "style" is _______.

a) the dependent variable

b) a treatment variable

c) a concomitant variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a response variable

Response: See section 11.5 A Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

114. The following graph indicates a _______________.

a) 2 × 3 factorial design with interaction

b) 2 × 4 factorial design with interaction

c) 4 × 2 factorial design with interaction

d) 4 × 2 factorial design with no interaction

e) completely randomized design

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

115. A pet trainer wants to test the effects of “treats” and “voice tone” on the speed with which dogs are trained to roll over. For “treats,” the trainer used pieces of hot dogs, biscuits, and bacon flavored treats. For “voice tone,” the trainer used sing-song, high pitched, and low pitched. Six dogs were randomly assigned to each of the nine cells and the analysis produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (treats)	3.5926	2	1.79296	0.27
Column (voice tone)	14.8148	2	7.40741	1.11
Interaction	19.1852	4	4.79296	0.72

In this experiment, “voice tone” would be considered _____________.

a) an independent variable

b) a control variable

c) the experimental variable

d) a treatment

e) a surrogate variable

Ans: d

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

116. A pet trainer wants to test the effects of “treats” and “voice tone” on the speed with which dogs are trained to roll over. For “treats,” the trainer used pieces of hot dogs, biscuits, and bacon flavored treats. For “voice tone,” the trainer used sing-song, high pitched, and low pitched. Six dogs were randomly assigned to each of the nine cells and the analysis produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (treats)	3.5926	2	1.79296	0.27
Column (voice tone)	14.8148	2	7.40741	1.11
Interaction	19.1852	4	4.79296	0.72

Using  = .05, the appropriate decision for "interaction" effect is that _____________.

a) a significant interaction is evident and possible to examine the two primary effects

b) no significant interaction is evident and not possible to examine the two primary effects

c) no significant interaction, so more analysis is needed

d) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2

e) no significant interaction is evident and possible to examine the two primary effects

Ans: e

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

117. A pet trainer wants to test the effects of “treats” and “voice tone” on the speed with which dogs are trained to roll over. For “treats,” the trainer used pieces of hot dogs, biscuits, and bacon flavored treats. For “voice tone,” the trainer used sing-song, high pitched, and low pitched. Six dogs were randomly assigned to each of the nine cells and the analysis produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (treats)	3.5926	2	1.79296	0.27
Column (voice tone)	14.8148	2	7.40741	1.11
Interaction	19.1852	4	4.79296	0.72

Using  = .05, the appropriate decision for "treats" effect is _____________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1  3

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  3

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2

e) do nothing

Ans: c

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

118. A pet trainer wants to test the effects of “treats” and “voice tone” on the speed with which dogs are trained to roll over. For “treats,” the trainer used pieces of hot dogs, biscuits, and bacon flavored treats. For “voice tone,” the trainer used sing-song, high pitched, and low pitched. Six dogs were randomly assigned to each of the nine cells and the analysis produced the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (treats)	3.5926	2	1.79296	0.27
Column (voice tone)	14.8148	2	7.40741	1.11
Interaction	19.1852	4	4.79296	0.72

Using  = .05, the appropriate decision for "voice tone" effect is _____________.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1  3

b) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

c) do not reject the null hypothesis  1  3

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2

e) do nothing

Ans: c

Response: See section 11.5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

119. The head of the math department at a local community college is interested in conducting an experiment to determine effective teaching strategies for improving student math comprehension and math literacy. In particular, she is interested in a new pedagogical model called a “flipped classroom,” in which the typical lecture and homework elements of the course are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students at home before the class session, while in-class time is devoted to exercises, projects, or discussions. For this purpose, the math head will have half of the sections of calculus II this coming semester be taught in the traditional setting, while the other half will use the flipped classroom model. In this experiment, the dependent variable is: ______.

a) the instructor selected for each section

b) the community college

c) the math comprehension and literacy attained by students

d) the pedagogical model used

e) the number of students in each section

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

120. The head of the math department at a local community college is interested in conducting an experiment to determine effective teaching strategies for improving student math comprehension and math literacy. In particular, she is interested in a new pedagogical model called a “flipped classroom,” in which the typical lecture and homework elements of the course are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students at home before the class session, while in-class time is devoted to exercises, projects, or discussions. For this purpose, the math head will have half of the sections of calculus II this coming semester be taught in the traditional setting, while the other half will use the flipped classroom model. In this experiment, the independent variable is: ______.

a) the instructor selected for each section

b) the community college

c) the math comprehension and literacy attained by students

d) the pedagogical model used

e) the number of students in each section

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

121. The head of the math department at a local community college is interested in conducting an experiment to determine effective teaching strategies for improving student math comprehension and math literacy. In particular, she is interested in a new pedagogical model called a “flipped classroom,” in which the typical lecture and homework elements of the course are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students at home before the class session, while in-class time is devoted to exercises, projects, or discussions. For this purpose, the math head will have half of the sections of calculus II this coming semester be taught in the traditional setting, while the other half will use the flipped classroom model. In this experiment, the independent variable has ______ levels.

a) 0

b) 0.5

c) 1

d) 1.5

e) 2

Response: See section 11.1 Introduction to Design of Experiments

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe an experimental design and its elements, including independent variables—both treatment and classification—and dependent variables.

122. As director of the employee wellness and productivity program in your company, you are interested in comparing the effects of strength training, aerobic training, and yoga on decreasing rates of injury and absenteeism. The company has 9 divisions with roughly the same number of employees, and you randomly assign 3 divisions to participate in strength training, 3 to aerobic training, and 3 to yoga. Your null hypothesis is ______.

a)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

c)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

d)  1   2   3

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

123. As director of the employee wellness and productivity program in your company, you are interested in comparing the effects of strength training, aerobic training, and yoga on decreasing rates of injury and absenteeism. The company has 9 divisions with roughly the same number of employees, and you randomly assign 3 divisions to participate in strength training, 3 to aerobic training, and 3 to yoga. Your alternative hypothesis is ______.

a)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

c)  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

d)  1   2   3

e) at least one of the means is different from the others

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

124. As director of the employee wellness and productivity program in your company, you are interested in comparing the effects of strength training, aerobic training, and yoga on decreasing rates of injury and absenteeism. The company has 18 divisions with roughly the same number of employees, and you randomly assign 6 divisions to participate in strength training, 6 to aerobic training, and 6 to yoga. Analysis of the data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the critical F value is ______.

a) 3.68

b) 3.74

c) 4.54

d) 4.60

e) 9.46

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

125. As director of the employee wellness and productivity program in your company, you are interested in comparing the effects of strength training, aerobic training, and yoga on decreasing rates of injury and absenteeism. The company has 18 divisions with roughly the same number of employees, and you randomly assign 6 divisions to participate in strength training, 6 to aerobic training, and 6 to yoga. Analysis of the data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the observed F value is ______.

a) 60022.37

b) 16738.1

c) 1769.745

d) 9.457912

e) 18

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

126. As director of the employee wellness and productivity program in your company, you are interested in comparing the effects of strength training, aerobic training, and yoga on decreasing rates of injury and absenteeism. The company has 18 divisions with roughly the same number of employees, and you randomly assign 6 divisions to participate in strength training, 6 to aerobic training, and 6 to yoga. Analysis of the data yielded the following ANOVA table.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Treatment	33476.19	2	16738.1	9.457912
Error	26546.18	15	1769.745
Total	60022.37	17

Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is ______.

a) reject the null hypothesis  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

c) reject the null hypothesis  1   2  3

d) do not reject the null hypothesis  1 ≤  2 ≤  3

e) inconclusive

Response: See section 11.2 The Completely Randomized Design (One-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.2: Test a completely randomized design using a one-way analysis of variance.

127. In an experiment where the means of 6 groups are being tested 2 at a time, ______ tests are conducted. If each test is analyzed using an α = 0.01, the probability that at least one Type I error will be committed is ______.

a) 12; 0.12

b) 12; 0.88

c) 15; 0.14

d) 15; 0.86

e) 36; 0.30

Response: See section 11. 3 Multiple Comparison Tests

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11. 3: Use multiple comparison techniques, including Tukey’s honestly significant difference test and the Tukey-Kramer procedure, to test the difference in two treatment means when there is overall significant difference between treatments.

128. A medical researcher is interested in how weight gain in children from third-world countries is affected by the source of protein (fish, roots and tubers, or nuts and oilseeds) and by level of protein intake (low, defined as less than 0.56 grams per kilogram of weight, or high). The researcher wants to test the relative efficacy of each protein source, controlling for the level of protein intake but not testing it as the main variable of interest. For this purpose, she classifies a group of children in an impoverished village in a third-world country into either high or low protein intake. Then, the researcher randomly assigns 50 children from each category to a group where the children will receive food once a day that will emphasize one of the three protein sources. You can assume that the total level of protein intake is not affected (it’s effects take a longer time to show and depend largely on the other meals the children have at home). The researcher’s experimental design is a ______.

a) normalized block design

b) completely randomized design

c) factorial design

d) randomized block design

e) partially randomized design

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

129. A medical researcher is interested in how weight gain in children from third-world countries is affected by the source of protein (fish, roots and tubers, or nuts and oilseeds) and by level of protein intake (low, defined as less than 0.56 grams per kilogram of weight, or high). The researcher wants to test the relative efficacy of each protein source, controlling for the level of protein intake but not testing it as the main variable of interest. For this purpose, she classifies a group of children in an impoverished village in a third-world country into either high or low protein intake. Then, the researcher randomly assigns 50 children from each category to a group where the children will receive food once a day that will emphasize one of the three protein sources. You can assume that the total level of protein intake is not affected (it’s effects take a longer time to show and depend largely on the other meals the children have at home). In this experiment, the weight gain is ______.

a) a concomitant variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a blocking variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

130. A medical researcher is interested in how weight gain in children from third-world countries is affected by the source of protein (fish, roots and tubers, or nuts and oilseeds) and by level of protein intake (low, defined as less than 0.56 grams per kilogram of weight, or high). The researcher wants to test the relative efficacy of each protein source, controlling for the level of protein intake but not testing it as the main variable of interest. For this purpose, she classifies a group of children in an impoverished village in a third-world country into either high or low protein intake. Then, the researcher randomly assigns 50 children from each category to a group where the children will receive food once a day that will emphasize one of the three protein sources. You can assume that the total level of protein intake is not affected (it’s effects take a longer time to show and depend largely on the other meals the children have at home). In this experiment, the level of protein intake is ______.

a) a concomitant variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a treatment variable

d) a constant

e) a blocking variable

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

131. A medical researcher is interested in how weight gain in children from third-world countries is affected by the source of protein (fish, roots and tubers, or nuts and oilseeds) and by level of protein intake (low, defined as less than 0.56 grams per kilogram of weight, or high). The researcher wants to test the relative efficacy of each protein source, controlling for the level of protein intake but not testing it as the main variable of interest. For this purpose, she classifies a group of children in an impoverished village in a third-world country into either high or low protein intake. Then, the researcher randomly assigns 50 children from each category to a group where the children will receive food once a day that will emphasize one of the three protein sources. You can assume that the total level of protein intake is not affected (it’s effects take a longer time to show and depend largely on the other meals the children have at home). In this experiment, the source of protein intake is ______.

a) a surrogate variable

b) the dependent variable

c) a blocking variable

d) a treatment variable

e) a constant

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

132. A medical researcher is interested in how weight gain in children from third-world countries is affected by the source of protein (fish, roots and tubers, or nuts and oilseeds) and by level of protein intake (low, defined as less than 0.56 grams per kilogram of weight, or high). The researcher wants to test the relative efficacy of each protein source, controlling for the level of protein intake but not testing it as the main variable of interest. For this purpose, she classifies a group of children in an impoverished village in a third-world country into either high or low protein intake. Then, the researcher randomly assigns 50 children from each category to a group where the children will receive food once a day that will emphasize one of the three protein sources. You can assume that the total level of protein intake is not affected (its effects take a longer time to show and depend largely on the other meals the children have at home). The researcher’s alternative hypothesis is ______.

a)  1 ≠  2 ≠  3

b)  1 ≥  2 ≥  3

c) 

d) at least one of the average weight gains will be different than the others

e)  1 ≤  2 ≥  3

Response: See section 11.4 The Randomized Block Design

Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11.4: Test a randomized block design that includes a blocking variable to control for confounding variables.

133. Experiments designed so that two or more treatments (independent variables) are explored simultaneously are called ______.

a) concomitant

b) interactive

c) factorial

d) simultaneous

e) block

Response: See section 11. 5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Easy

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11. 5: Test a factorial design using a two-way analysis of variance, noting the advantages and applications of such a design and accounting for possible interaction between two treatment variables.

134. At a local community college, the head of the math department is interested in determining the effects of two factors on the final exam performance. The two factors are: (1) whether the student completed all the suggested exercises (yes or no), and (2) how many cups of coffee the student took the morning of the exam (0, 1, or 2). Analysis of the data is summarized in the following ANOVA table:

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Rows (exercises)	2334.72	1	2334.72	11.36
Column (coffee)	2936.11	2	1486.06	7.14
Interaction	2569.45	2	1284.73	6.25
Within	2466.66	12	205.56
Total	10306.94	17

Using  = .05, the conclusions are: _____________.

a) a significant effect of completing the exercises but not of drinking coffee and no significant interaction

b) a significant effect of drinking coffee but not of completing the exercises and no significant interaction

c) a significant effect of both completing the exercises and drinking coffee but no significant interaction

d) a significant effect of both completing the exercises and drinking coffee as well as a significant interaction

e) no significant effect of completing the exercises or drinking coffee and no significant interaction

Response: See section 11. 5 Factorial Design (Two-Way ANOVA)

Difficulty: Hard

AACSB: Reflective thinking

Bloom’s level: Application

Learning Objective: 11. 5: Test a factorial design using a two-way analysis of variance, noting the advantages and applications of such a design and accounting for possible interaction between two treatment variables.

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Aug 21, 2025

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Chapter 11 Analysis Of Variance And Design Of Experiments

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Ken Black

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