Chapter 10: Sexuality and Reproduction

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The view that people are taught to believe that having children is a necessary part of life is known as ______.

A. medicalization of pregnancy

B. stratified reproduction

C. compulsory reproduction

D. reproductive health advocacy

Learning Objective: 10-1: Understand the concept of compulsory reproduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compulsory Reproduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Compulsory reproduction is rooted in which broader ideology?

A. constructionism

B. essentialism

C. eugenics

D. reproductive exclusion

Learning Objective: 10-1: Understand the concept of compulsory reproduction.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Compulsory Reproduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following is an example of how menstruation is medicalized?

A. Feminine hygiene products are costly.

B. Contraception can be used to suppress menstruation.

C. Birth control requires a prescription.

D. PMS is regarded as something to be treated.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Explain how the body is socially constructed.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Menstruation as Social Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to the authors, which social institution plays the primary role in shaping the social construction of the body?

A. medicine

B. religion

C. family

D. politics

Learning Objective: 10-2: Explain how the body is socially constructed.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Body as a Social Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Poor women and/or women of color tend to have less access to reproductive health care due to ______.

A. health disparities

B. stratified reproduction

C. processes of medicalization

D. obstetric bias

Learning Objective: 10-3: Define stratified reproduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stratified Reproduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Why is health care in the United States so expensive compared to costs in other countries?

A. The same fee is required regardless of what procedure is done.

B. The newest surgical equipment is prohibitively expensive.

C. Health care in the United States is a for-profit system.

D. Patients in the United States receive superior medical care.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Commodification of Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which approach to childbirth is best characterized as woman-centered?

A. medicalized birth

B. designer birth

C. technocratic model

D. midwifery model

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technocratic Model of Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Why was formula the primary way that parents fed infants through the 1900s?

A. Studies in the 1950s showed formula was healthier for babies.

B. Companies aggressively marketed their products to doctors, resulting in increased recommendations to parents.

C. The movement of women into the workforce required alternative modes of feeding their infants.

D. Breastfeeding was highly stigmatized and perceived as unfeminine.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. When did married couples gain the right to use birth control?

A. 1945

B. 1955

C. 1965

D. 1975

Learning Objective: 10-6: Describe the history and current social issues surrounding birth control.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Birth Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following marked the beginning of the reproductive revolution?

A. the first oral contraceptive

B. the rubber condom

C. protests against forced sterilization

D. Roe v. Wade

Learning Objective: 10-6: Describe the history and current social issues surrounding birth control.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Birth Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following is the single most important predictor of teen pregnancy?

A. age

B. relationship status

C. poverty

D. race

Learning Objective: 10-5: Challenge narratives surrounding teen pregnancy and childbirth.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Teen Pregnancy and Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Women of color are more likely than White women to advocate for ______.

A. the right to prevent pregnancy

B. the right to have children

C. the ability to end a pregnancy

D. the technocratic model of birth

Learning Objective: 10-7: Outline sexual and reproductive rights and choice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women of Color and Reproductive Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What is a consequence of the politicization of abortion?

A. The women’s movement split.

B. Pronatalism gained traction.

C. Abortion is wrongly seen as a binary issue.

D. Birth control became more expensive.

Learning Objective: 10-7: Outline sexual and reproductive rights and choice.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Who is most likely to use assisted reproductive technologies?

A. affluent White women

B. affluent women of all races

C. nonbinary and queer women

D. working women

Learning Objective: 10-8: Give examples of the ways assisted reproductive technologies are gendered, classed, and raced.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: ARTs, Race, and Income Disparities

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. What broader phenomenon contributed to forced sterilization?

A. the women’s health movement

B. the eugenics movement

C. obstetric racism

D. contraceptive revolution

Learning Objective: 10-7: Outline sexual and reproductive rights and choice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Forced Sterilization and Eugenics

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Insufficient or inadequate information about reproductive health care may be an example of reproductive exclusion.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Define stratified reproduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stratified Reproduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Maternal death rates for Black women are about twice as high as those for White women.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Access to Maternity Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Women across social classes are equally likely to pursue breastfeeding.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Costs of Breastfeeding

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In the 2010s, teenage pregnancy in the United States reached an unprecedented high.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Challenge narratives surrounding teen pregnancy and childbirth.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Teen Pregnancy and Birth

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Many transgender or gender-nonconforming individuals who become pregnant simultaneously struggle with gender dysphoria.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. How is compulsory reproduction a gendered concept?

Learning Objective: 10-1: Understand the concept of compulsory reproduction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Compulsory Reproduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define medicalization, and provide one example.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Explain how the body is socially constructed.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Body as a Social Construction | Menstruation as Social Construction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is the commodification of birth?

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Commodification of Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How did the eugenics movement contribute to forced sterilization?

Learning Objective: 10-7: Outline sexual and reproductive rights and choice.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Forced Sterilization and Eugenics

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Who is most likely to use assisted reproductive technologies, and why?

Learning Objective: 10-8: Give examples of the ways assisted reproductive technologies are gendered, classed, and raced.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: ARTs, Race, and Income Disparities

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. How does stratified reproduction occur via pregnancy and childbirth?

Learning Objective: 10-3: Define stratified reproduction. | 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Compare and contrast different models of birth. Be sure to address how they vary in whose experiences are centered.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Clarify issues of pregnancy and childbirth across a range of social groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technocratic Model of Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. How is teenage pregnancy commonly portrayed, and what are some problems with those portrayals?

Learning Objective: 10-5: Challenge narratives surrounding teen pregnancy and childbirth.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Teen Pregnancy and Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How is contraception gendered? What contributes to its gendered nature?

Learning Objective: 10-6: Describe the history and current social issues surrounding birth control.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gendered Contraception

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What is reproductive control, and how does it connect to reproductive justice?

Learning Objective: 10-7: Outline sexual and reproductive rights and choice.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual and Reproductive Rights and Choice | Women of Color and Reproductive Justice

Difficulty Level: Hard