Ch1 The Functioning Of The Juvenile Justice System Test Bank - Juvenile Delinquency 1st Edition Test Bank by Christopher A. Mallett. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 1: The Functioning of the Juvenile Justice System
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. In most states, a juvenile is defined as a person who is younger than age ______.
A. 16
B. 17
C. 18
D. 21
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following is the doctrine of “parent of the nation?”
A. in absentia
B. parens patrie
C. ad coelum
D. in loco parentis
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Juvenile Courts
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Instead of a sentence, juveniles receive a(n) ______.
A. outcome
B. decision
C. remediation
D. disposition
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Juvenile Courts
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. A ______ is defined as an act committed by a juvenile that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult.
A. crime
B. delinquency
C. status offense
D. collateral offense
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Which of the following refers to the juvenile court acting “in the place of a parent?”
A. in absentia
B. parens patrie
C. ad coelum
D. in loco parentis
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Juvenile Courts
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Possession of alcohol is legal for adults, but for juveniles it is a ______.
A. crime
B. delinquency
C. status offense
D. collateral offense
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Before questioning an individual in a criminal case, law enforcement officers are required to give a ______ warning to inform the individual in custody of his/her rights.
A. Miller
B. Miranda
C. Maynard
D. Madison
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. ______ occurs when a case is handled informally, outside of juvenile courts.
A. Diversion
B. Waiver
C. Transfer
D. Separation
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Diversion
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Approximately ______ of all cases referred to juvenile court result in a formal intervention by the court.
A. 25%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 75%
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Prosecutor’s Office
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. A(n) ______ is a petition filed by the prosecutor requesting an adjudicatory hearing.
A. consent petition
B. diversion petition
C. delinquency petition
D. intervention petition
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Prosecutor’s Office
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. When the temporary detention of a juvenile is required while contacting parents or a guardian or arranging transportation to a juvenile detention facility, police are limited by Federal regulations to detaining the youth in a secure environment for no more than ______ hr.
A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 24
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Law Enforcement
Difficulty Level: Hard
12. A leading cause of wrongful convictions among youthful offenders is ______.
A. false confessions by youth
B. aggressive prosecution
C. waiver to adult court
D. misclassification of youth
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Law Enforcement
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. In which court case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that detention of a juvenile before being adjudicated was constitutional?
A. Miranda v. Arizona
B. Schall v. Martin
C. J.D.B. v. North Carolina
D. N.C. v. Com
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Shelter Care Hearing and Pretrial Detention
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. Which of the following is a “fail-safe” mechanism against statutory waivers?
A. appellate courts
B. judicial waivers
C. consent decrees
D. reverse waivers
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Waiver to Adult Court
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. For youthful offenders, the first contact with the juvenile justice system most likely occurs when they are confronted by a ______.
A. probation officer
B. case worker
C. law enforcement officer
D. juvenile court judge
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Law Enforcement
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Two U.S. Supreme Court cases in the 1970s--Oklahoma Publishing Company v. District Court in and for Oklahoma City and Smith v. Daily Mail--resulted in ______.
A. limitations on the age that youthful offenders can be fingerprinted
B. laws that prohibited the press from attending juvenile family court proceedings
C. the widespread modification of state confidentiality provisions, making juvenile justice proceedings more open
D. laws that required the press to omit the names of juvenile offenders from news reports
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. An individual is considered “in custody” if he or she ______.
A. does not feel free to leave
B. has been told so by a law enforcement officer
C. has been given a Miranda warning
D. has been arrested
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Law Enforcement
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. The Miranda warning requires a ______ grade level of comprehension.
A. 5th
B. 7th
C. 10th
D. 12th
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Practice: What Can I Do?
Difficulty Level: Hard
19. The presence of a parent during questioning by law enforcement can be detrimental to a juvenile because parents will often ______.
A. pressure the youth to confess
B. get mad at the police
C. get upset at the youth
D. interfere with the process
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Hard
20. Enacted in 1974, the ______ was the first comprehensive federal law for the prevention of delinquency.
A. Juvenile Prevention Act
B. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
C. Federal Juvenile Prevention Act
D. Federal Children’s Act
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is part of the ______.
A. U.S. Supreme Court
B. U.S. Department of Health and Welfare
C. U.S. Department of Justice
D. U.S. Department of Human Services
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Which of the following is a status offense?
A. assault
B. running away from home
C. possession of a firearm
D. drug sales
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Most states ______ for juvenile court jurisdiction for delinquency cases.
A. set the minimum age at 7
B. set the minimum age at 10
C. set the minimum age at 12
D. do not specify a minimum age
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Age of Jurisdiction
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. In federal court, to be waived to adult court the youth must be at least _______.
A. age 14
B. age 15
C. age 16
D. age 17
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Waiver to Adult Court
Difficulty Level: Hard
25. The ______ core requirement of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act requires that the liberty of youth offenders not be taken away through detention or placement in a secured facility if they did not commit a “crime,” unless it is for a violation of a court order?
A. deinstitutionalization of status and nonoffenders
B. disproportionate minority confinement
C. jail and lockup removal
D. sight and sound separation
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. You are a police officer who apprehends a youthful offender. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to referring the youth to juvenile court?
A. questioning and warning the youth
B. issuing a citation
C. referring the youth to a diversion program
D. waiving the youth to adult court
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Law Enforcement
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. You are a police officer who is reading the Miranda warning to a youthful offender prior to questioning. The youth does not seem capable of understanding the traditional Miranda warning. Which of the following is an alternative procedure according to the International Association of Chiefs of Police and the OJJDP?
A. skipping the Miranda warning
B. calling a supervisor to translate for the youth
C. skipping the questioning of the youth
D. reading a simplified version of the Miranda warning
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Diversion may include all but which of the following conditions?
A. victim restitution
B. paying a fine
C. school attendance
D. referral to juvenile court
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Diversion
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Either the prosecutor’s office and/or the ______ usually handles an intake screening of a youth following referral to juvenile court.
A. probation department
B. police department
C. public defender’s office
D. juvenile court clerk’s department
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Prosecutor’s Office
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Following the apprehension of a youthful offender, ______ decides whether to hold a juvenile in a secure juvenile detention facility following apprehension.
A. the apprehending police officer
B. the juvenile court judge
C. the intake officer
D. the youth’s parents
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Shelter Care Hearing and Pretrial Detention
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. A ______ occurs when an offender admits to committing an offense in exchange for a lesser charge and a possibility of a lesser sentence/disposition.
A. consent decree
B. plea bargain
C. adjudication
D. judicial waiver
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Plea Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. In Smith v. Daily Mail, the U.S. Supreme Court said that the press is entitled to publish ______ as long as it is legally obtained?
A. age of a youthful offender
B. name of a youthful offender
C. address of the offender
D. crimes a youthful offender committed
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Trial
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Which of the following is NOT an example of an extralegal factor that may be taken into account in the juvenile justice system?
A. the juvenile’s history of drug and alcohol use
B. the seriousness of the alleged defense
C. information about the juvenile’s family
D. the juvenile’s school and work records
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Decision-Making in Juvenile Court
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Once a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent, a ______ prepares a disposition plan.
A. judge
B. prosecutor
C. probation officer
D. social worker
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Trial
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Legal ______ requires that a defendant understand the charges brought against him or her, the seriousness of the charges, and the possible penalties.
A. adjudication
B. competency
C. sanity
D. court standing
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Competency
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. At which of the following stages may the court order an evaluation of a youthful offender’s competency?
A. only during intake
B. at any point during the pretrial hearings
C. at any point prior to adjudication
D. at any point in the proceedings
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Competency
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Which of the following is NOT an extralegal factor that might be considered in the juvenile justice system?
A. history of alcohol use
B. work record
C. history of delinquency
D. school record
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Decision-Making in Juvenile Court
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Which of the following is NOT an available disposition option in a juvenile proceeding?
A. issuing a warning
B. waiver to adult court
C. community service
D. attending a counseling program
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Disposition
Difficulty Level: Hard
39. Which of the following typically receives the initial reports of suspected abuse and neglect?
A. child protective services
B. Children’s Bureau
C. juvenile courts
D. intake offices
Learning Objective: 1-5: Examine the unique role and policies of the child welfare system and how it interacts with the justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: State Policy
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. There are juvenile justice courts in every state in the United States.
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Juvenile Courts
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The Children’s Bureau is responsible for the publication of Child Welfare, an annual count of child and abuse reports.
Learning Objective: 1-5: Examine the unique role and policies of the child welfare system and how it interacts with the justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Federal Policy
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Most states do not specify the lower age for juvenile justice jurisdiction for delinquency cases.
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Age of Jurisdiction
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The most common type of waiver of a juvenile offender to adult court is the prosecutorial waiver.
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Waiver to Adult Court
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. In N.C. v. Com (2013), the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that a Miranda warning is required before students are questioned by school officials who are working in conjunction with law enforcement.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Youthful offenders are much more likely than adults to falsely confess.
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. Most states require the presence of a parent or a guardian during the questioning of a juvenile by law enforcement.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Diversion can occur at any stage of the juvenile justice system, from apprehension to postadjudication.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Diversion
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Harm includes all types of abuse, such as physical, sexual, and emotional, as well as neglect.
Learning Objective: 1-5: Examine the unique role and policies of the child welfare system and how it interacts with the justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Federal Policy
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Over 60 years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court first addressed the issue of interrogating youthful offenders, arguing the need for law enforcement to interrogate juveniles with special care due to their immature age.
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. In most cases, juveniles who are determined to have broken a federal criminal law are turned over to state or local agencies for prosecution.
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Federal Courts and Jurisdiction
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Juveniles, like adults, cannot waive their Miranda rights.
Learning Objective: 1-2: Understand how the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system differ regarding purpose, jurisdiction, and process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Advisement of Rights
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. The term used to classify a status offender varies by state.
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. In most states, juvenile offenders do not have the right to bail while awaiting a hearing.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Shelter Care Hearing and Pretrial Detention
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. More than 95% of all convictions in both adult and juvenile courts are the result of plea bargaining.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Plea Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss the concept of diversion in terms of the juvenile justice system. What is diversion? What is required for a youthful offender to be eligible for diversion? What are the advantages of diversion from the juvenile justice system?
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Diversion
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Explain the process by which a complaint concerning child maltreatment by a parent is handled by the child welfare system.
Learning Objective: 1-5: Examine the unique role and policies of the child welfare system and how it interacts with the justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: State Policy
Difficulty Level: Hard
3.Explain the four core requirements of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Learning Objective: 1-4: Name the basic process and stages of the juvenile justice system and agencies that are involved in each stage.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Delinquency and Status Offenses
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Discuss the three ways in which waivers to adult court usually occurs.
Learning Objective: 1-3: Summarize the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and exceptions to original juvenile court jurisdiction.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Waiver to Adult Court
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Discuss the concept of confidentiality in the juvenile justice system. How has the concept of confidentiality changed over time? What has the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in reference to confidentiality in juvenile justice proceedings? How do states differ in regard to confidentiality in the juvenile justice system?
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe and apply key operational terms and concepts of the juvenile justice courts and juvenile justice process.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
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Juvenile Delinquency 1st Edition Test Bank
By Christopher A. Mallett