Ch1 Crime, Criminal Justice, And Policy Test Bank Answers

Chapter 1: Crime, Criminal Justice, and Policy

Test Bank

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 01

1. Deviance refers to human behaviors or actions that are considered by others to be wrong, bad, or inappropriate.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 02

2. Informal social control includes all but which of the following?

a. Staring

b. Scorn

c. Fines

d. Shunning

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 03

3. Mala prohibita acts are viewed as inherently evil.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 04

4. Acts that are not viewed as inherently bad but are still prohibited by law are

a. misdemeanors.

b. mala prohibita.

c. victimless crimes.

d. mala in se.

e. none of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 05

5. A serious breach of law usually carrying a penalty of more than one year in prison defines a

a. mala in se crime.

b. homicide.

c. misdemeanor.

d. felony.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 06

6. A relatively stable, purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern defines

a. public policy.

b. statutory law.

c. police purpose.

d. common law.

e. none of the above.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 07

7. Historically, criminal justice policy, or lack thereof, first centered on revenge on the part of the victim.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 08

8. Misdemeanor crimes are those that usually carry between 1 and 2 years of incarceration in local jails.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 09

9. The individual associated with the Classical School of thought is

a. Lombroso

b. King

c. Beccaria

d. Maltz

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 10

10. The Classical School believed which of the following?

a. Outside forces cause people to commit crime.

b. Deterrence is the primary rationale for responses to crime.

c. Juries should consider mitigating factors in punishment.

d. Harsh punishment is prohibited.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 11

11. The school of thought that argued that humans possess free will, are rational, and make choices about how to behave is

a. positivism.

b. classicism.

c. deterrence.

d. rehabilitation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 12

12. __________ contends that preventing crime results from improving the social conditions that cause crime and not in stricter laws.

a. Positivism

b. Classicism

c. Deterrence

d. Rehabilitation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 13

13. ___________ is a philosophy based on the belief that criminals should be punished because they have violated the law.

a. Deterrence

b. Classicism

c. Retribution

d. Retaliation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 14

14. Another name for retribution is

a. revenge.

b. deterrence.

c. just deserts.

d. incapacitation.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 15

15. The just deserts model argues that punishment is the proper and just thing for a society to do, regardless of its effectiveness in preventing crime.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 16

16. ____________ contends that punishments should prevent crime by making potential offenders aware of the costs of crime.

a. Retribution

b. Deterrence

c. Incapacitation

d. Lex talionis

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 17

17. Specific deterrence prevents people from committing crime by showing them, through the specific experiences of other punished criminals, that crime does not pay.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 18

18. The idea that punishing an individual will keep that person from reoffending in the future is called

a. incapacitation.

b. retribution.

c. specific deterrence.

d. general deterrence.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 19

19. ___________ seeks to prevent crime by rectifying individual problems that are thought to be responsible for the criminal behavior.

a. Due process

b. Rehabilitation

c. Restitution

d. Retribution

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 20

20. The idea of separating offenders from society as a means of protecting society is called

a. isolation.

b. specific deterrence.

c. incapacitation.

d. retribution.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 21

21. The total number of unreported crimes is referred to as the dark figure of crime.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 22

22. The largest and best-known source of official statistics in the United States is the

a. Uniform Crime Reports.

b. National Incident-Based Reporting System.

c. Monitoring the Future Data.

d. National Crime Victimization Data.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 23

23. _________________ are gathered from criminal justice agencies and document the number of crimes reported and known to the agency.

a. Self-report data

b. Official statistics

c. Process data

d. Supplemental crime data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 24

24. The use of _________________ is better than raw numbers of crime since it allows better comparisons of different locations and data across time.

a. Part I offenses

b. Court data

c. Crime rates

d. Victimization data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 25

25. Which of the following is NOT true about NIBRS?

a. It is meant to replace the UCR.

b. It is an incident-based system.

c. It focuses on the UCR Index Crimes.

d. It collects detailed information on offenses.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 26

26. Self-report statistics are good for all but which of the following?

a. Exploring crimes where there is no victim

b. Exploring crimes like illegal drug use or underage drinking

c. Learning about crimes where an arrest is unlikely

d. Learning about victims of crime

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 27

27. Victimization studies ask people if they have been victims of crimes during a past time period.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 28

28. When respondents are promised ________________, it means that the reports cannot be linked to specific individuals.

a. anonymity

b. deniability

c. confidentiality

d. immunity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 29

29. The ________ is a nationally representative survey of U.S. households designed to measure criminal victimization.

a. Monitoring the Future

b. NYS

c. NCVS

d. NIBRS

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 30

30. When an individual reports something that took place outside the time period covered by a survey, it is known as

a. telescoping.

b. lying.

c. enhancing.

d. bounding.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 31

31. The due-process model advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 32

32. The _____________ is more concerned with the process of justice and grants suspects many rights to protect them from overzealous investigation and prosecution.

a. crime-control model

b. restorative justice model

c. due-process model

d. classical model

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 33

33. _________________ advocates the aggressive and quick apprehension, trial, and processing of criminals.

a. Crime control model

b. Due-process model

c. Deterrence model

d. Classical model

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 34

34. Criminal justice in the United States is composed of many loosely coupled, semiautonomous organizations.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 35

35. The criminal justice system could not function without rigid adherence to rules and policies.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 36

36. ___________ involves decision making by people involved in criminal justice.

a. Deterrence

b. Policy

c. Discretion

d. Fiat

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 37

37. The 4 Cs of the criminal justice system include all but which of the following?

a. Coroners

b. Citizens

c. Corrections

d. Courts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 38

38. The first decision-making point of the criminal justice system is the

a. cops.

b. citizens.

c. victims.

d. offenders.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 39

39. The second decision-making point of the system consists of the victims.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 40

40. Courtroom decisions are not made by a range of actors who meet in a court “arena” known as the

a. bench.

b. courtroom work group.

c. judicial branch.

d. bar.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 41

41. In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that defendants have the right to an attorney if they are charged with any crime.

a. True

b. False

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 42

42. Which of the following is not among the three major recent trends in criminal justice?

a. Social media

b. Use of force

c. Victims

d. 9/11

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 43

43. What is the difference between general and specific deterrence?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 44

44. What is incapacitation and how does it impact crime?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 45

45. Compare and contrast official and self-report measures of crime.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 46

46. Discuss how NIBRS differs from the UCR.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 47

47. What are victimization surveys and what do they show in comparison to official data?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 48

48. Define discretion and give examples of its use by different actors in the criminal justice

system.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 49

49. Discuss how each of the 4 Cs is important in the decision making of the criminal justice system.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 50

50. List different members of the courtroom work group.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 51

51. What is the due-process model?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 01 - Question 52

52. Identify at least 4 major trends in criminal justice since the 1960s and describe each.