Ch1 Complete Test Bank Introduction And Research Methods - Psychology in Action 12e Test Bank by Karen Huffman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter: Chapter 1, 12th edition: Introduction and Research Methods, Multiple Choice, Short Answer/Fill-In, and Essay
Multiple Choice
1. Modern-day psychology emphasizes ________, which involves objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information.
a) common sense
b) pseudoscience
c) controlling behavior
d) critical thinking
Section ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
2. In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.
a) science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior
b) scientific study of behavior
c) scientific study of the mind
d) scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
3. In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____.
a) empiricism
b) science
c) critical thinking
d) mental processing
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Objective: 1.1
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
4. A newspaper website recently posted an article analyzing the handwriting of the President of the United States. “Experts” were cited who discussed conclusions about the President’s personality based on the way he signs his name. This area of study, called graphology, is an example of ________, because it is based more on unfounded beliefs than genuine, research-supported data.
a) parapsychology
b) psychology
c) philosophy
d) pseudopsychology
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
5. Dr. Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own ‘common sense’, personal beliefs, and values instead of information based on scientific research. This practice is more like _____ than _____.
a) psychology; pseudopsychology
b) pseudopsychology; psychology
c) philosophy, parapsychology
d) parapsychology; psychology
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
6. Which of the following is an example of a mental process?
a) Remembering
b) Speaking
c) Reading
d) Crying
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
7. If you were assigned a term paper examining the life of the “father of psychology,” which name should you begin researching?
a) Wilhelm Wundt
b) Charles Darwin
c) Edward Titchener
d) Sigmund Freud
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
8. The science of psychology began in 1879 in Germany with ___________.
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) William James
d) Sigmund Freud
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
9. Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness, including the basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practicing what Wundt would call _________.
a) psychoanalysis
b) empiricism
c) functionalism
d) introspection
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
10. The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _____ and engages in the method of studying experience called _____.
a) Wundt and James; introspection
b) Titchener and James; Gestalting
c) Freud and Jung; introspection
d) Wundt and Titchener; Gestalting
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
11. Structuralism, although short-lived, made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________.
a) established a model for the scientific study of mental processes
b) showed how separate thoughts combined to form an idea
c) explained why individuals experience stimuli differently
d) highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children and animals versus studying adult humans
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
12. The psychological school of thought called _____ emphasized how mental processes help people adapt to their environment.
a) structuralism
b) gestalt psychology
c) cognitivism
d) functionalism
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
13. Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it:
a) explained why different individuals experience stimuli differently.
b) drew the line between branches of psychology so each had its own function.
c) expanded the scope of psychology to consider such topics as emotion and observable behavior.
d) specified precisely the scope of psychology as dealing with mental processes.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
14. The psychoanalytic perspective was originally developed by _____.
a) Freud
b) Skinner
c) Watson
d) Williams
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
15. A system of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis was developed as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts by ________.
a) B. F. Skinner
b) Carl Rogers
c) William James
d) Sigmund Freud
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
16. The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one’s behavior is part of what theory of personality?
a) Psychobiological
b) Psychosocial
c) Psychoanalytic
d) Psychobehavioral
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
17. A “Freudian slip” is said to reveal:
a) a person’s true, unconscious desires and conflicts
b) too much of a woman’s leg under her dress
c) a person who isn’t very aware of his or her physical presence in the world
d) a person who needs to change his or her personality
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
18. The clinician believed that many of our unconscious motives are driven by aggressive or sexual impulses was ________________.
a) Edward Titchener
b) Sigmund Freud
c) William James
d) B. F. Skinner
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
19. The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt actions is called the ________ perspective.
a) psychodynamic b) functionalist
c) overt
d) behavioral
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
20. John B. Watson, a leading figure in the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious.
a) behavioral
b) cognitive
c) developmental
d) conditional
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
21. The sound of music makes your feet start tapping. A behaviorist would say that the music is a _____, because it results in the response of your tapping foot.
a) stimulus
b) activating event
c) sound
d) organismic event
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
22. Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists for which reason?
a) They emphasized the study of only observable stimuli and responses.
b) They thought the influences of the unconscious mind could be studied scientifically.
c) They believed classical conditioning only applied to animals such as Pavlov’s dogs.
d) They accepted the practice of introspection.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
23. Behaviorists are MOST successful in treating _______.
a) neuroses of the mind
b) observable behavior problems
c) low self-esteem
d) psychotic disorders
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
24. According to your text, behaviorists have been most successful in treating people with observable problems, such as _____________.
a) depression
b) dissociation
c) phobias
d) schizophrenia
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
25. The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and stressed free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking was the __________ perspective.
a) behavioral
b) cognitive
c) humanistic
d) psychodynamic
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
26. According to Abraham Maslow, the goal toward which human beings all strive to develop is called ________.
a) self-satisfaction
b) joy
c) self-actualization
d) accomplishment
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
27. The scientific study of optimal human functioning is known as .
a) behaviorism
b) Gestalt psychology
c) positive psychology
d) optimistic psychology
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
28. Structuralists and modern-day cognitive psychologists share interest in
a) affect, moods and feelings
b) sensation
c) overt behavior
d) the elements of thought
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
29. The psychological perspective that studies how we think, know, remember, and communicate is the ________ perspective.
a) cognitive
b) gestalt
c) concept formation
d) psychodynamic
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
30. Cognitive psychology focuses on ____.
a) conflict within the unconscious mind.
b) the positive, creative, growth-seeking potential of human nature.
c) mental processes, language, and perception.
d) complex biochemical events involved in physical activities.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
31. The model that likens the mind to a computer that sequentially takes in information, processes it, and then produces a response is called the .
a) stepwise model
b) information-processing model
c) cognitive-processing model
d) reasoning approach
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
32. Those who adhere to the biological perspective in psychology emphasize _____.
a) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes.
b) the belief that biology is destiny
c) the evolution of mental processes
d) that the way to understand human behavior is to first understand animal behavior
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
33. The idea that depression is influenced by genetics and neurotransmitters rather than events in a person’s life represents the _____ model of psychology.
a) psychiatric
b) evolutionary
c) biological
d) psychodynamic
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
34. Natural selection, adaptation, and the ongoing development of behavior patterns are major emphases in the _____ perspective of psychology.
a) psychobiological
b) psychosocial
c) ecological
d) evolutionary
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
35. Which of the following pairs of terms belong together?
a) Structuralism: Observable behavior
b) Behaviorism: Stimulus-response
c) Psychoanalytic: Conscious conflict
d) Cognitive: Unconscious thought
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
36. Malcolm hits Jason because Jason took his toy. A psychologist from which psychological perspective would explain this behavior by pointing out that humans learned to behave aggressively because aggression conveys a survival or reproductive advantage?
a) A behavioral psychologist
b) A cognitive psychologist
c) A biopsychologist
d) An evolutionary psychologist
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
37. Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____.
a) influence of culture and social interactions on people’s behavior
b) superiority of some cultures over others
c) thinking of people as individuals
d) biological influence of experience on the mind
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
38. A group of children gather around an elder to hear stories in one part of the world, whereas elsewhere children file into a classroom to learn about history from a teacher. Which psychological perspective would MOST emphasize these environmental factors as important in shaping behavior?
a) behavioral
b) sociocultural
c) educational
d) evolutionary
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
39. Tybresha tends to think about others before herself. When she works as part of a team, she wants the others with whom she has collaborated to be recognized for their accomplishments. She is relatively uncomfortable when people try to honor her for her work. Tybresha was probably raised in a(n) ________ culture.
a) individualistic
b) psychodynamic
c) behavioristic
d) collectivistic
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
40. An emphasis on independence, with particular attention paid to the needs of one person over the needs of a larger group, are aspects of a(n) ________ culture.
a) individualistic
b) psychodynamic
c) behavioristic
d) collectivistic
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
41. One of the first woman to be recognized in psychology was _____, who was the first woman elected as the president of the American Psychological Association.
a) Laura Schlesinger
b) Ruth Westheimer
c) Karen Horney
d) Mary Calkins
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
42. The first Black person to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was _____.
a) Francis Cecil Sumner
b) Edward Titchener
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) Robert Marley
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
43. Which of the following is not one of the major contemporary perspectives in psychology?
a) behavioral
b) evolutionary
c) biological
d) gestalt
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
44. A new, integrative model that proposes that physiological and genetic, cognitive and emotional, and environmental factors all affect and are affected by one another is called the _______ model.
a) biobehavioral environmental
b) eclectic
c) biopsychosocial
d) consolidation
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
45. The biopsychosocial model would best be described as a(n) _______.
a) integrative model
b) outdated school of psychological thought
c) consolidation model
d) historical perspective
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
46. Shauna specializes in applying the principles of psychology to the legal system. Shauna is a _____________ psychologist.
a) health
b) forensic
c) clinical
d) developmental
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
47. Eric conducts research that explores the effects of stress on individuals’ psychological and physical functioning. His goal is to design stress-reduction methods that do not require the use of medication. Eric is probably a(n) ________ psychologist.
a) health
b) forensic
c) social
d) educational
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
48. Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____.
a) health psychologist
b) developmental psychologist
c) neuroscientist
d) comparative psychologist
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
49. Samantha specializes in evaluating, diagnosing, and treating mental and behavioral disorders. Samantha is a(n) psychologist.
a) experimental
b) biopsychologist
c) clinical
d) developmental
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
50. Shirley examines learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and other animals. It is likely that Shirley is a(n) psychologist.
a) experimental
b) cultural
c) clinical
d) cognitive
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
51. Lloyd is fascinated by interpersonal behavior, especially prejudice and other attitudes. It is likely that Lloyd is a(n) psychologist.
a) cultural
b) forensic
c) experimental
d) social
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
52. The term basic research is BEST defined as research that _____.
a) is basic to one field only
b) advances general scientific understanding
c) is done to get a grade or a tenured teaching position
d) solves basic problems encountered by humans and animals in a complex world
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
53. A scientist who seeks knowledge for its own sake is conducting ________ research.
a) basic
b) applied
c) elemental
d) fundamental
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
54. If you prepared a study to determine which areas of the brain are used for working memory but are drawing specific conclusions to help people improve their memory skills, you would be conducting _____ research.
a) dependent
b) independent
c) application
d) basic
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
55. The term applied research is BEST defined as research that _____.
a) is designed to solve practical problems
b) is in the laboratory
c) studies psychological principles
d) is conducted to advance knowledge in a specific area
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
56. If you prepared a study to determine specific ways to enhance athletic performance among university baseball players, you would be conducting _____ research.
a) independent
b) basic
c) dependent
d) applied
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
57. Replication increases scientific confidence in a theory if the _____.
a) citations are accurate
b) results are similar
c) statistics are accurate
d) statistics are significant
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
58. Carlos and Bonita were intrigued by the results of a study about the biases people display toward work done by males compared to work done by females. They decided to perform the same study, following the same procedures, to see if they would get the same results. This is an example of _____.
a) an invalid research method
b) an attempt to replicate a study
c) pseudopsychology
d) case study research
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
59. This is a statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies with the goal of identifying overall trends.
a) operational research
b) recombinant analysis
c) meta-analysis
d) data synthesis
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
60. Tara is in the 11th grade and is interested in studying the effects of text-messaging (rather than talking on the phone) on the quality of friendships. The FIRST step Tara would perform after coming up with a question in order to follow the scientific method is ______.
a) forming a testable hypothesis
b) developing a theory
c) reviewing the literature of existing theories
d) designing a study
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
61. The first step in the scientific method is ________.
a) developing a theory
b) forming a testable hypothesis
c) designing a study
d) identifying a question of interest and conducting a literature review
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
62. Your text defines a hypothesis as a _____.
a) specific prediction about how one variable is related to another
b) precise definition of how variables will be observed and measured in a study
c) concept that explains previously gathered data
d) method by which a research question will be examined
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
63. A well-substantiated explanation for a phenomenon or a group of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed by previous research is called a(n) .
a) algorithm
b) operational definition
c) hypothesis
d) theory
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
64. Numerous studies have been conducted on student test-taking behavior. The data from these studies have been compiled, and researchers have developed a set of concepts to explain this interrelated data and generate testable questions to verify these concepts. This set of concepts is called a(n) _____.
a) hypothesis
b) experimental study
c) abstract
d) theory
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
65. According to your text, when a scientist submits a study for publication to a journal where other scientists will read it and decide whether or not it will be published, the article is undergoing _______.
a) external observation
b) peer review
c) statistical analysis
d) critical examination
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
66. According to your textbook, the goals of psychology are to _____.
a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
b) understand, compare, control, and analyze human behavior
c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from conception to death
d) describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
67. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology’s goal of describing behavior?
a) Giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
b) Conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers
c) Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
d) Sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Describe the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
68. Timothy has been reluctant to ask or answer questions in the classroom because when he spoke in his second-grade class, his peers laughed at him. This example demonstrates psychology’s goal of ________ behavior.
a) describing
b) explaining
c) predicting
d) changing
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Describe the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
69. The two largest professional organizations of psychologists are:
a) The American Psychologist Group (APG) and The American Psychological Association (APA)
b) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychiatric and Psychological Association (APPA)
c) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychological Association (APA)
d) The American Psychiatric Association (APSA) and the American Psychological Association (APA)
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
70. A participant’s agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____.
a) participant observer
b) placebo effect
c) informed consent
d) debriefing
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
71. You are unsure whether you want to complete an experiment you began an hour ago. According to the Ethical Principles of Psychologists, when you ask the researcher if you have to continue, the researcher should respond with _____.
a) “You have the right to drop out of the study at any time.”
b) “I'm sorry, the experiment must continue.”
c) “Please continue. I will debrief you afterwards.”
d) “You may drop the study now, but you will forfeit credit.”
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
72. Deception is sometimes used in psychological research in order to _____.
a) create a realistic situation with genuine reactions
b) protect the public from unpleasant research realities
c) protect participants from being harmed
d) prevent sample bias, ethnocentric bias, and experimenter bias
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
73. According to the rules of informed consent, a researcher must disclose all EXCEPT which of the following before the study begins?
a) Potential physical risks and discomforts
b) Potential unpleasant emotional experiences
c) The reasons for involuntary participation and deception
d) The nature of the study
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
74. Which of the following is not a common ethical concern of psychologists?
a) The safety and health of research animals
b) Protecting client confidentiality
c) Deception in research
d) Whether their findings will be published
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
75. According to your text, debriefing is _____.
a) interviewing subjects after a study to find out what they were thinking during their participation
b) explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over
c) disclosing potential physical and emotional risks, and the nature of the study prior to its beginning
d) interviewing subjects after a study to determine whether any deceptions were effective in preventing them from learning the true purpose of the study
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
76. Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines covered by the APA in its Ethical Principles?
a) Informed consent
b) Restricted use of deception
c) Confidentiality
d) Compelled involuntary participation
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
77. Which of the following is NOT true about animal research?
a) It accounts for only 7-8% of psychological research.
b) Most animal research uses rats or mice.
c) Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards.
d) Research benefits both human and nonhuman animals.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
78. A therapist may be required to break client confidentiality if the client _____.
a) threatens to hurt himself or others
b) reveals that she has broken the law
c) is not improving in treatment
d) is being unfaithful to a spouse
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
79. Which of the following therapists is NOT violating psychology’s ethical standard of confidentiality?
a) Dr. Novak called the Department of Social Services to report her client, who admitted during their session together that she was abusing her nine-year-old daughter.
b) Dr. Jones describes detailed case histories of former clients to his psychology class without disguising their characteristics.
c) Dr. Smith-Nguyen discusses a client with his wife to get her advice.
d) Dr. Polanski told two of his colleagues that he was treating a local television news anchor for major depression, but didn’t name her.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
80. Molly is a clinical psychologist doing therapy with a man who has reported his wife has been unfaithful. He tells Molly he is going to go home and kill his wife. What does Molly do in this case?
a) She can try to talk him out of it, but cannot call the police —no matter what the outcome —due to confidentiality concerns
b) Have him committed to a mental institution
c) Call the police and inform his wife.
d) Nothing; due to confidentiality concerns she is powerless.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
81. You believe that most behaviors are a product of one’s environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____.
a) the nature-nurture controversy
b) applied vs. basic research
c) the social-cultural controversy
d) an objective vs. subjective argument
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
82. A process in that avoids an “either/or position” and focuses instead on multiple factors that mutually influence one another and the outcome is called _____.
a) empiricism
b) psychology
c) interactionism
d) behaviorism
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
83. Hsao-Wei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested. Based on her IQ score, she was placed in a program for gifted children. This example demonstrates psychology’s goal of ________ behavior.
a) describing
b) explaining
c) predicting
d) changing
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
84. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology’s goal of changing behavior?
a) Conducting a survey to determine how many people use medications for depression.
b) Exploring the function of cutting behavior in a teenager’s life so the teenager can understand her/his options and makes choices regarding the behavior.
c) Giving an interest inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
d) Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
85. When a scientist chooses among using natural observation, case studies, surveys, or experimental designs, (s)he is choosing the best for her study.
a) hypothesis
b) theory
c) algorithm
d) research method
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
86. _____ research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing cause- and-effect explanations.
a) Descriptive
b) Empirical
c) Independent
d) Dependent
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
87. In a naturalistic observation, a researcher would be most likely to do which of the following?
a) conduct an in-depth study of a single subject receiving an experimental treatment
b) observe participants as they behave normally in the laboratory
c) observe and systematically record behavior in a participant’s natural state or habitat
d) manipulate one variable of interest to see if it has an impact on a second variable of interest.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
88. A research student is assigned the task of watching and recording the interactions among members of a koala family on an Australian plantation. This research is known as _____.
a) an animal husbandry survey
b) a quasi-experiment
c) introspection
d) naturalistic observation
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
89. Jack is studying psychology and wants to see how people behave when his friend enters an elevator and keeps her back to the door versus behavior when she stands near a doorway between classes. He designs his study so that the people he is watching do not know that they are being studied. His research method is ____________.
a) naturalistic observation
b) survey
c) case study
d) experimental
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
90. Stephanie wants to observe how her 2-year-old, Olivia, is behaving at daycare, so she watches through the door so that Olivia cannot see her watching. Which research strategy is Stephanie trying to use?
a) Correlational study
b) Experiment
c) Naturalistic observation
d) Survey
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
91. The main advantage of naturalistic observation is that it _____.
a) eliminates extraneous variables
b) allows researchers to obtain data about a person or animals true, normal behavior.
c) is less time-consuming and expensive than other research methods
d) all of these options
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
92. A survey is a(n) _____.
a) experimental technique for sampling a population’s attitudes
b) descriptive technique for assessing behaviors and mental processes large samples.
c) experimental research technique for sampling a wide variety of populations
d) unreliable and invalid research technique, usually used by magazines and political or commercial pollsters
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
93. Maria is thinking of running for student body president, but she wonders whether her campaign should emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services. Which scientific method of research would you recommend she use to determine the focus of her campaign?
a) a case study
b) naturalistic observation
c) an experiment
d) a survey
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
94. Interviews and/or surveys can be used to _____ behavior.
a) describe
b) explain
c) explain and change
d) change
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
95. What is one advantage of survey research that was mentioned in your text?
a) Surveys can identify causes of behavior
b) Surveys can provide more in-depth information than other research methods.
c) Surveys can identify subject bias.
d) Surveys can be used on larger samples than other research methods.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
96. If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____.
a) experimental study
b) correlational study
c) case study
d) survey
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
97. In a case study, a researcher is most likely to _____.
a) interview many research subjects who have a single problem or disorder
b) conduct an in-depth study of a single research participant
c) choose and investigate a single topic
d) use any of these options, which describe different types of case studies
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
98. Dr. Henley is interested in knowing what percentage of a city’s population between 1920 and 1940 may have suffered from schizophrenia. As per of her research, she examines public records of health announcements from that time period. She is engaging in ________ research.
a) survey
b) correlational
c) archival
d) interview
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
99. In _____research, a researcher observes or measures (without manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without inferring a causal relationship.
a) experimental
b) correlational
c) basic
d) applied
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
100. A number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between variables is called a/an _____.
a) inference
b) inferential statistic
c) correlation coefficient
d) quasi-correlation
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
101. Which of the following would be the best visual representation of the relationship (or correlation) between two variables?
a) a pie chart
b) a scatterplot
c) a histogram
d) a bar graph
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
102. Which is the stronger correlation, −1.00 or +1.00?
a) +1.00
b) They are the same.
c) −1.00
d) Neither; −1.00 does not exist.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
103. Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
a) +.78
b) -.84
c) +.35
d) 00
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
104. Salary and years of education are typically _____ correlated, and grade-point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _____ correlated.
a) not; positively
b) negatively; positively
c) positively; not
d) positively, negatively
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
105. Which of the following is an example of a zero correlation?
a) the relationship between your personality and the position of various stars and planets on the day of your birth
b) the relationship between your height and your age
c) the relationship between what you had for breakfast and when you will want to eat lunch
d) the relationship between how often you floss your teeth and the likelihood that you will ever need to have a root canal
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
106. Your authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods .What is the primary drawback of correlational research?
a) It does not allow you to examine more than one variable at a time.
b) It makes it impossible to know if variables are positively or negatively related to each other.
c) It tends to be very expensive and take a long time to conduct.
d) It does not allow you to draw cause-and-effect conclusions.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
107. When Mariano Jeuvo, famed first baseman for the New York Yankees, comes up to bat, he always scratches his nose. This is because one time he scratched his nose and then hit a game-winning home run. He now believes that scratching his nose is going to make him a better hitter. This is an example of ________.
a) experimenter bias
b) an illusory correlation
c) demand characteristics
d) a single blind research study
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
108. The BEST definition of an experiment is _____.
a) a standardized scientific procedure for conducting investigations
b) the identical treatment of participants in two groups to determine the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable
c) a systematic recording of behavior exhibited by participants in the laboratory
d) a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
109. Researchers can isolate a single factor and examine the effect of that factor alone on a particular behavior through use of a(n) ________.
a) experimental research method
b) correlational study
c) survey study
d) descriptive study
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
110. The BEST definition of an independent variable is a _____.
a) measurable behavior that is exhibited by a participant and is affected by the dependent variable
b) variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its causal effect on the dependent variable
c) variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables
d) variable that cannot be manipulated by anyone
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
111. In experiments, _____ variables are selected and manipulated by the experimenter.
a) independent
b) intervening
c) controlled
d) dependent
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
112. In an experiment _____ are manipulated while _____ are measured.
a) dependent variables; independent variables
b) surveys; interviews
c) interviews; surveys
d) independent variables; dependent variables
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
113. Professor Matsos wants to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus. The dependent variable in this example is _____.
a) rewards vs. no rewards
b) the amount of recycling done on campus
c) the college campus
d) Professor Matsos
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
114. Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher’s usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____.
a) initial levels of talking
b) decreased talking
c) attention from the teacher
d) scores on student tests
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
115. In experimental research the group designated as the experimental group is the one in which the participants _____.
a) do not receive the independent variable
b) receive the dependent variable
c) do not receive the dependent variable
d) receive the independent variable
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
116. In a drug study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you _____.
a) will probably get a cold
b) are in the experimental group
c) are in the placebo group
d) are in the control group
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
117. The control group in an experiment is the group in which participants _____.
a) receive no treatment
b) receive the active treatment
c) do not receive the dependent variable
d) receive the independent variable
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
118. Researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new “memory” drug. Then they gave them a story to read, and measured their scores on a quiz. The _____ would be the independent variable (IV) and the _____ would be the dependent variable (DV).
a) response to the drug; amount of the drug
b) experimental group; control group
c) amount of the drug; quiz scores
d) researcher variables; extraneous variables
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
119. If “this” causes “that,” then “this” is the _____ variable, and “that” is the _____ variable.
a) dependent; independent
b) independent; dependent
c) constant; dependent
d) constant; independent
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
120. The BEST definition of a dependent variable is _____.
a) a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable
b) a variable that is controlled by the experimenter and is applied to the participant to determine its effect
c) a variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables
d) a variable that cannot do anything by itself
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
121. A riverboat gambling company wants to increase the amount of money that patrons gamble while on board. A researcher suggests that the scent of ginger in the air might increase interest in gambling. What would a researcher select as the most likely independent variable and dependent variables in an experiment designed to test this idea?
a) The independent variable would be the scent of ginger; the dependent variable would be the noise level on the boat.
b) The independent variable would be the sense of smell; the dependent variable would be the level of the scent of ginger.
c) The independent variable would be the amount of ginger in the air; the dependent variable would be the amount of money bet.
d) The independent variable would be the amount of money gambled; the dependent variable would be the amount of money that is lost.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
122. In a study to test the effects of alcohol on driving, you were in a group of participants that drove poorly. This means that ____.
a) you were in the experimental group
b) you were in the control group
c) there is insufficient information to determine your group
d) your license will be revoked at the end of the study
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
123. According to your text, sample bias occurs when _____.
a) the sample of participants in a research study is not representative of the larger population
b) participants exhibit behaviors that are considered typical in their own culture
c) an experimenter biases a sample by providing unintentional cues about correct responses
d) participants in the research figure out the true nature of what the study is examining.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
124. One way to ensure reduce the problem of sample bias is to select a _____ sample of the population of interest.
a) representative/random
b) homogenous/ethnocentric
c) placebo/control
d) heterogeneous/ethnocentric
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
125. Ashlee is a researcher interested in whether boys or girls grow more as a result of eating high-protein breakfast cereal. She has a control group from St. Thomas Academy in Boston that eats regular cereal and an experimental group from an all-girls school in Wichita that eats a high-protein cereal. She then measures the growth of each group at three-month intervals. Although Ashlee manipulates variables in her study, it is not a true experiment because it lacks ________.
a) a dependent variable
b) a research question
c) random assignment
d) naturalistic observation
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
126. In a study on student conformity, researchers selected a group of college students who appeared to represent the characteristics of students from the entire college campus. The selected group served as the _____ of the college _____.
a) representatives; campus
b) population; representatives
c) sample; population
d) representatives; sample
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
127. In a procedure called _____, participants are placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
a) random sampling
b) random assignment
c) group selection
d) experimental assignment
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
128. As you walk into your Introductory Psychology class, your teacher flips a coin to determine whether you should be in Group A or Group B for her in-class experiment. This procedure is called _____.
a) experimental assignment
b) independent selection
c) representative grouping
d) random assignment
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
129. Research participants who try to present themselves in a good light are demonstrating _____.
a) good judgment
b) the social desirability response
c) a placebo effect
d) sample bias
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
130. One way to decrease participant bias is to _____.
a) conduct single-blind studies
b) pay people for their participation
c) avoid letting participants ever know what the true purpose of the research was
d) avoid the use of experimental designs
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
131. The BEST definition of a double-blind study is research in which _____.
a) the researchers are students rather than professional psychologists
b) the participants in the treatment group, as well as the participants in the control group, are unaware of the group to which they belong.
c) both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups
d) two control groups (or placebo conditions) must be used
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
132. Your research class conducted an experiment on caffeine-induced stress in which neither the class researchers, nor the participants in the experiment, knew who did and did not receive caffeine until after the study was completed. This research technique is called a(n) _____.
a) counterbalanced design
b) double-blind study
c) unknown condition experiment
d) controlled deception condition
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
133. A new anti-depressant is being tested in a study in which neither the patient nor the physician knows whether a patient is getting the drug or the placebo. However, due to the reported side effects, a questionnaire given after the data are collected reveals the 85% of participants and patients were correct in identifying whether they were in the experimental or control condition. Contrary to design expectations, the experiment was not ________.
a) effective
b) reliable
c) correlational
d) double-blind
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
134. A placebo is defined in your text as _____.
a) a sugar pill that is used to fool subjects into thinking it is a drug
b) an inactive substance or “fake” treatment used as a control technique
c) the location where an experiment is conducted
d) a confederate who is “planted’ research to see if they can cause specific effects
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
135. Experimenter bias refers to _____.
a) intentional subtle cues given by a researcher that lead a subject to guess what the correct response should be
b) the tendency of experimenters to influence the results of a study in the expected direction
c) the experimenter’s belief that his or her study results are more accurate than any other study’s results
d) the tendency of participants to do what they think the experimenter is looking for
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
136. While conducting research, you unintentionally provide subtle cues to the study’s participants about the purpose of the research, which influences your results in the direction you expected. This is a demonstration of _____.
a) ethnocentric research
b) misapplication of an independent variable
c) experimenter bias
d) sampling error
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
137. Ethnocentrism in research refers to _____.
a) the belief that a typical behavior in one’s culture is typical of all cultures
b) a researcher’s inflated sense of his or her own research abilities
c) a central need to include people from all races and cultures in an experiment
d) an attitude among researchers that their field of study is more important than any other field
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
138. One of the BEST ways to deal with ethnocentrism in scientific research is to _____.
a) create culturally diverse research review committees
b) provide cultural sensitivity training to all researchers
c) use cross-cultural sampling
d) ignore it because cultural universals are more prevalent than cultural specifics
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
139. SQ4R stands for ____________________.
a) Survey, question, read, recite, review, write
b) Scan, query, read, repeat, reword, recite
c) Survey, query, review, read, reread, recite
d) Scan, question, read, write by rewording, repeat
Section Ref: Tools for Student Success
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.4
Objective Text: Review the key strategies for student success
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 5: Professional Development
140. Which of the following is NOT an identified step in time management that was identified in your text?
a) Establish a baseline
b) Set up a very challenging schedule
c) Avoid rewarding yourself, as it creates a distraction.
d) Study for class exams at the last minute so that you don’t forget the information.
Section Ref: Tools for Student Success
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.4
Objective Text: Review the key strategies for student success
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 5: Professional Development
141. Which of these strategies was listed as a key skill to improving grades?
a) massed study time
b) note taking
c) under-learning
d) study alone instead of in study groups
Section Ref: Tools for Student Success
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.4
Objective Text: Review the key strategies for student success
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 5: Professional Development
Fill-In/Short Answer
142. Why did structuralism fail as a psychological school of thought shortly after it was developed?
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what
psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
143. What must a researcher do if they are going to use deception when conducting their study?
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
144. Identify several considerations a researcher has to keep in mind if she is going to use non-human animals in her work.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology.
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
145. When a researcher selects people who do not accurately represent the larger population from which they were drawn, ________ bias has become a problem for their study.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
146. List three suggestions for improving your time management skills that were identified in the text.
Section Ref: Tools for Student Success
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.4
Objective Text: Review the key strategies for student success.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 5: Professional Development
Essay
147. Compare and contrast the early psychological schools of thought of structuralism and functionalism, noting the main individuals associated with each school, the primary ideas, and the limitations of each approach.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
148. Maria is considering a career in psychology. Using information from this chapter, describe to Maria at least five different options within the field of psychology. Provide a career example for each option.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
149. Contrast the following three schools/perspectives in psychology with regard to their research methods, beliefs about the effects of the past on behavior, and areas of emphasis: psychoanalytic, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology. Also discuss each of their contributions to the biopsychosocial model.
Section Ref: Introducing Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.1
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s past, modern perspectives, and what psychologists do.
Bloom’s Level: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
150. List, define and describe the four goals of psychology. Give an original example of how either basic or applied research could be used to achieve each goal.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
151. Suppose you believe that stress causes headaches. Describe what you would need to do for each of the six basic steps in the scientific method to research your belief.
Section Ref: The Science of Psychology
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.2
Objective Text: Discuss the key principles underlying the science of psychology
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
152. Imagine that you are a psychologist. Describe ethical considerations for human participants in research studies, as well as the benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations for animal research. Then, describe what you would tell a therapy client about what she can expect with regard to your maintaining her confidentiality.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
153. Suppose you wanted to determine whether the use of marijuana is related to car accidents. Discuss the major limitations and merits of using each of the following research methods: an experiment, a naturalistic observation, a survey, and a case study; then state which method you would ultimately use and why.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
154. Many graduate students, when formulating their theses or dissertations, opt to use survey research or interviews as their primary research method. What are the primary advantages and limitations of this method, and can you think of why it may be of particular use to a student?
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
155. Suppose you believe negative advertising causes people to vote against the political candidate attacked in the ad. Describe an experiment you could perform to test your theory. Be sure to include a hypothesis, the operational definitions of your independent and dependent variables, who your participants would be, and how you would randomly assign them to experimental or control groups.
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Medium
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
156. Discuss correlational research and why it is often a precursor to experimental studies. Why is correlation so important? What is the major limitation of correlational studies?
Section Ref: Research Methods
Difficulty: Hard
Objective: 1.3
Objective Text: Summarize psychology’s three major research methods
Bloom’s Level: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking