Chapter 1: Career Counseling: An Overview

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which individual is credited with the beginning of the field of career counseling?

A. Parsons

B. Holland

C. Super

D. Skinner

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The Breadwinners Institute in Boston was designed to help which group, specifically?

A. out of work men with families

B. women

C. adolescent males

D. factory workers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. For every dollar men make, female workers still make ______.

A. 62 cents

B. 82 cents

C. 1 dollar

D. 1 dollar and 2 cents

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing World of Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. By age 65, full-time employees will have spent about how many hours working?

A. 50,000

B. 80,000

C. 120,000

D. 400,000

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The book Choosing a Vocation argued for what approach to selecting work?

A. a spiritual approach

B. a family-centered approach

C. a scientific approach

D. the use of higher education

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What historical event was not tied to the increased need for career counselors in the first half of the 20th century?

A. the Great Depression

B. veterans returning from WWI

C. women moving into the workforce

D. veterans returning from WWII

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which theorist’s theory was largely infused into the school guidance curriculum of the 1950s and 1960s?

A. Holland’s

B. Super’s

C. Gottredson’s

D. Fouad’s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A theory is best defined as ______.

A. a roadmap, designed to guide understanding

B. a holy book, true and unchangeable

C. a depository, a place to store random ideas

D. clay, malleable, and different for every user

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definition and Types of Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The best way for counselors to communicate new ideas to their clients is ______.

A. with tentative language

B. with complete authority

C. with diagrams

D. counselors do not communicate new ideas to clients; clients must discover it for themselves

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developing Hypotheses and a “Working Model” of the Client

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Over the next 10 years, which is true regarding the overall racial/ethnic diversity of the labor force in the United States?

A. It will decrease.

B. It will increase.

C. It will remain about the same.

D. Racial/ethnic diversity trends cannot be predicted based on current samples.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing World of Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Career development theories ______, while career counseling theories ______.

A. provide direction to counselors; explain vocational behavior

B. describe a philosophical stance; explain behavior in personal and vocational arenas

C. explain behavior in personal and vocational arenas; describe a philosophical stance

D. explain vocational behavior; provide direction to counselors

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Clarifying Distinctions Between Theories and Theoretical Orientations

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Janine, a career counselor, is questioning whether a hypothesis is culture bound. She is wondering ______.

A. whether the hypothesis limits or binds her client’s options

B. whether the hypothesis is appropriate for the client’s culture and gender

C. whether the hypothesis links cultural theory and practice

D. whether the hypothesis informs her work with the client

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Developing Hypotheses and a “Working Model” of the Client

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of the following indicate there still exist gender and racial disparities in occupational distributions?

A. More women are working, but there are pay inequities within the same occupation.

B. Women and racial/ethnic minority men are more likely to be in lower paying occupations.

C. African Americans and Latinos are less likely to be in higher paying management and professional occupations and more likely to be in lower paying jobs in the service industries.

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing World of Work

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Compare and contrast theories of career development with theories of career counseling. Give an example of each.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Clarifying Distinctions Between Theories and Theoretical Orientations

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define “psychological contract,” and discuss how it has changed in the last 20 years.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Changing World of Work

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Briefly trace the history of career counseling since its beginning in 1909 to the current time, highlighting significant figures, governmental initiatives, and social changes that have shaped its evolution.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Work and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Hard