Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid | Full Test Bank Ch.14

General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 10e (Denniston)

Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

1) What is the name of the functional group found in all carboxylic acids?

A) acetal group

B) enol group

C) carboxyl group

D) carbinol group

E) hemiacetal group

2) Which of the following is the condensed formula for a generic carboxylic acid?

A) RCOH

B) ROOC

C) RCOOR

D) RCOOH

E) RCOHO

3) Which of the following is a generic acyl group?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

4) Which statement concerning the compound ethanoic acid is FALSE?

A) It contains a carboxyl group.

B) Its condensed structure is CH3CH2COOH.

C) Its common name is acetic acid.

D) It contains two carbons.

E) It is a very polar compound.

5) What product is formed when cinnamaldehyde is oxidized?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

6) Which of the following compounds would have the greatest solubility in water?

A)

B)

C)

D) HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

E) All would have the same solubility.

7) What carboxylic acid is produced by the oxidation reaction shown?

A) CH3CH2CH2COOH

B)

C)

D)

E)

8) When a carboxylic acid dissolves in water, the ion shown below is formed. What is the name of this type of ion?

A) enolate ion

B) acyl anion

C) carboxylate anion

D) oxalate ion

E) acetate ion

9) Which equation best represents the dissociation of propanoic acid in water?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

10) What organic product is formed in the neutralization of benzoic acid?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

11) What type of organic compound is produced in the reaction below?

carboxylic acid + alcohol H2O + ?

A) ester

B) enol

C) carboxylate salt

D) anhydride

E) acetal

12) What is the IUPAC name for the missing product in the following equation?

propanoic acid + ethanol H2O + ?

A) propyl ethanoate

B) propyl acetate

C) ethyl propate

D) ethyl propanoate

E) ethyl propanoic acid anhydride

13) What two compounds will react to produce hexyl acetate when heated together in the presence of a trace of acid?

A) hexane and ethanol

B) hexene and acetic acid

C) ethanol and hexanoic acid

D) hexanol and acetic acid

E) hexane and acetic acid

14) The ester shown can be produced by heating together a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a trace of acid. What carboxylic acid and alcohol are needed?

A) propanoic acid and methanol

B) methanoic acid and isopropyl alcohol

C) 2-methylpropanoic acid and methanol

D) acetic acid and 2-methyl propanol

E) 2-methyl butanoic acid and methanol

15) Which term is used to describe the hydrolysis of an ester by an aqueous base?

A) esterification

B) isomerization

C) enolization

D) tautomerization

E) saponification

16) What product, in addition to methanol, is produced in the hydrolysis of methyl ethanoate?

A) ethanol

B) ethanal

C) ethanone

D) ethanoic acid

E) formic acid

17) Hydrolysis of an ester produced the two organic products shown. What is the structure of the original ester?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

18) Long chain carboxylic acids are known as which of the following?

A) fatty acids

B) polymers

C) polycarboxylic acids

D) esters

E) poly acids

19) The general structure of a soap molecule is shown below. The carboxylate "head" of the soap molecule is best described as which of the following?

A) hydrophobic

B) lipophilic

C) hydrophilic

D) nonpolar

E) polymeric

20) What is the name of the spherical particles formed in solution when specks of oil or grease are surrounded by soap molecules?

A) monomers

B) micelles

C) detergents

D) polymers

E) triglycerides

21) Soap molecules form micelles when dissolved in water. What part of the soap molecule is oriented on the inside of the micelle?

A) the negatively charged carboxylate "head"

B) the positively charged carboxylate "head"

C) the hydrophilic carboxylate group

D) the hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tail"

E) the polar hydrocarbon chain

22) Which of the compounds below has the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction?

A) CH3OH

B)

C)

D)

E)

23) What is the name of the compound shown below?

A) chloro propanoate

B) propanoyl chloride

C) ethyl chloroformate

D) ethyl formyl chloride

E) propyl chloride

24) Lactic acid, also known as α-hydroxy propionic acid, is an α-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in some skin care products. What is its structure?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

25) The contents on the bottle of a hand lotion lists octyl palmitate as an ingredient. Based on its name, what type of compound is octyl palmitate?

A) carboxylic acid

B) ester

C) carboxylate salt

D) fatty acid

E) It is impossible to tell from the name alone.

26) What is the common name of the following compound?

A) acyl anhydride

B) methyl anhydride

C) acetic anhydride

D) diethyl anhydride

E) formic anhydride

27) What type of product is formed in the reaction between an acid chloride and a carboxylate anion?

A) ester

B) acid anhydride

C) carboxylic acid

D) acetal

E) ether

28) The reaction shown below between an alcohol and phosphoric acid produces a phosphoester. What is the general structure of a phosphoester?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

29) Which of the following is the general structure for a thioester?

A) R−S−R

B) R−S−S−R

C)

D)

E)

30) What role does acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) play in the body?

A) It serves as the energy source for energy-requiring reactions.

B) It serves as a carrier of two-carbon acetyl groups.

C) It serves as an identification marker on the surface of cells.

D) It functions as a catalyst for reduction reactions.

E) It is a structural component of muscle and bone.

31) Which of these is butyric acid?

A) CH3CH2CH2COOH

B) CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH

C) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

D) CH3CH2COCH2CH3

E) None of the choices are correct.

32) Which statement best explains why propanoic acid boils at a much higher temperature than hexane?

A) Lower molecular weights tend to boil at higher temperatures.

B) Propanoic acid has weaker intermolecular forces than hexane.

C) Propanoic acid molecules can hydrogen bond with other propanoic molecules but hexane is nonpolar and cannot hydrogen bond.

D) Chains with fewer carbon atoms tend to boil at higher temperatures than ones with more carbon atoms.

E) None of the choices are correct.

33) What is the IUPAC name of the simplest dicarboxylic acid?

A) ethanoic acid

B) diethanoic acid

C) methanoic acid

D) methanedioic acid

E) ethanedioic acid

34) What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 3-chlorobutanoic acid

B) 2-chlorobutanoic acid

C) 2-chloropropanoic acid

D) 3-chloropropanoic acid

E) 3-chloro-1-propanoic acid

35) What carboxylic acid is produced in muscle cells during strenuous exercise?

A) adipic acid

B) citric acid

C) oxalic acid

D) lactic acid

E) None of the choices are correct.

36) What is the common name of the acid formed in the following reaction?

A) formic acid

B) acetic acid

C) oxalic acid

D) methanoic acid

E) propanoic acid

37) What is the condensed formula for the product of the following reaction?

A) CH3COOH

B) CH3(OH)2

C) CH3CH2OH

D) CH3CH3

E) None of the choices are correct.

38) What is the name of the missing product in the reaction shown below?

acetic acid + sodium hydroxide → ? + water

A) sodium acetate

B) sodium chloride

C) acetic hydroxide

D) acetal

E) sodium acetic acid

39) What suffix is used in the names of organic esters?

A) -ol

B) -al

C) -ate

D) -one

E) -ide

40) What is the IUPAC name for the missing product in the following equation?

ethanoic acid + methanol H2O + ?

A) methyl ethyl ketone

B) ethyl methanoate

C) 2-propanone

D) 3-propanone

E) methyl ethanoate

41) What is the IUPAC name of the missing product in the following reaction?

A) butane

B) butanoic acid

C) butanal

D) 1-butanol

E) None of the choices are correct.

42) Which of the following compounds would react similarly because they contain the same functional group?

A) I and II

B) I and IV

C) II and IV

D) I, II, and III

E) I, II, and IV

43) What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) ethanoic acid

B) lactic acid

C) pyruvic acid

D) butyric acid

E) propanoic acid

44) What is the common name of the carboxylic acid found in rancid butter?

A) acetic acid

B) palmitic acid

C) lactic acid

D) butyric acid

E) oleic acid

45) Which of the following statements concerning carboxylic acids is FALSE?

A) Carboxylic acids are hydrogen ion acceptors.

B) The functional group of a carboxylic acid is condensed as COOH or CO2H.

C) Carboxylic acids form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

D) Carboxylic acids are weak acids.

E) The water solubility of a carboxylic acid decreases with an increase in the number of carbons in the carbon chain.

46) Which formula best represents the structure of acetic acid when it is dissolved in a basic solution?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

47) What class of compounds is primarily responsible for the pleasant smell of many fruits?

A) carboxylic acids

B) esters

C) carboxylate salts

D) acid chlorides

E) alcohols

48) Which one of the following types of compounds can react with a carboxylic acid to form an ester?

A) acyl chloride

B) acetate

C) alcohol

D) ether

E) aldehyde

49) What product(s) are formed when an ester reacts with water upon heating in the presence of NaOH?

A) two carboxylic acids

B) a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

C) two alcohols

D) an alcohol and an ether

E) a carboxylate salt and an alcohol

50) What is the name of the ester shown below?

A) phenyl acetate

B) ethyl benzoate

C) benzyl acetate

D) ethyl phenoate

E) methyl benzoate

51) What term describes the sodium salt of a long-chain fatty acid?

A) esterate

B) ester

C) soap

D) triglyceride

E) bile salt

52) Methylparaben is an ester used as a preservative in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. It may be prepared by the reaction shown below. What is the structure of methylparaben?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

53) The drug Clofibrate is used to lower blood triglycerides and cholesterol. It can be made in an esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Which of the structures below represents the alcohol required for its synthesis?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

54) Which species or compound is often reacted with an acid chloride to produce an acid anhydride?

A) ROH

B) R1COOR2

C) HCl

D) RCOO-

E) NaOH

55) What other product is released when an anhydride is formed by the combination of two carboxylic acids?

A) alcohol

B) water

C) ester

D) HCl

E) hydrogen

56) What acid chloride and carboxylate anion are necessary to produce the acid anhydride shown below?

A) methanoate ion and propanoyl chloride

B) ethanoyl chloride and butanoate ion

C) ethanoate ion and propanoyl chloride

D) ethanoyl chloride and propanoate ion

E) butanoyl chloride and methanoate ion

57) Which of the following is the term that describes a compound that acts as a pain killer?

A) analpheric

B) analgesic

C) prostaglandin

D) hydrophilic

E) pheromone

58) A cyclic ester (lactone) is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol functional group that is present in the same molecule. Which structure represents the lactone formed in the reaction below?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

59) A phosphate ester is formed when phosphoric acid reacts with which of the following types of compounds?

A) ester

B) base

C) alcohol

D) carboxylic acid

E) thio compound

60) The first step in the biochemical breakdown of sugars involves the formation of which of the following?

A) a phosphate ester

B) a thioester

C) a conventional ester

D) glycogen

E) DNA

61) When comparing the boiling point of each of the following pairs, which of the following lists the compound with the highest boiling point first, assuming the same carbon chain length?

A) aldehyde, alcohol

B) carboxylic acid, alkane

C) ether, carboxylic acid

D) ketone, carboxylic acid

E) alkane, aldehyde

62) What is the IUPAC name of the compound formed by the oxidation of 2-bromopentanal?

A) 2-bromo-1-pentanol

B) 2-bromopentanoate

C) 2-bromopentanoic acid

D) 2-bromo-2-pentanol

E) 2-bromo-2-pentene

63) What is the common name of the following compound?

A) β-methylcaproic acid

B) 2-methylvaleric acid

C) 3-methylpentanoic acid

D) γ-methylcaproic acid

E) β-methylvaleric acid

64) Which of the following is the structure of o-chlorobenzoic acid?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

65) Which word best describes the odors of large carboxylic acids?

A) fruity

B) floral

C) minty

D) foul

E) Both fruity and floral are correct.

66) What carboxylic acid, first synthesized by Bayer and Company, and a derivative of an extract of willow bark, launched the pharmaceutical industry?

A) tartaric acid

B) oxalic acid

C) acetylsalicylic acid

D) benzoic acid

E) salicylic acid

67) Acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce

A) sodium acetate and water, the products of a neutralization reaction.

B) sodium acetate and water, the products of an oxidation.

C) sodium acetate and water, the products of a reduction.

D) acetaldehyde and sodium metal, the products of a precipitation reaction.

E) acetaldehyde and sodium metal, the products of an oxidation-reduction reaction.

68) Name the compound formed by the reaction between butanoic acid and potassium hydroxide.

A) potassium butanal

B) potassium butanoate

C) potassium butanol

D) potassium butanone

E) potassium buterate

69) What two compounds will react to produce methyl hexanoate in an acid catalyzed esterification reaction?

A) methane and hexane

B) methanoic acid and hexanoic acid

C) hexanol and methanol

D) hexanoic acid and methanol

E) hexanol and methanoic acid

70) The base-catalyzed hydrolysis of a triglyceride produces which of the following?

A) soap

B) polymers such as polyesters

C) acid anhydrides

D) glycerol and carboxylate salts

E) soap, glycerol, and carboxylate salts

71) Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid.

72) A single carboxylic acid molecule may contain more than one carboxyl functional group.

73) Carboxylic acids are generally weak acids.

74) Carboxylic acids are too weak to neutralize strong bases such as NaOH.

75) The oxidation of formaldehyde produces acetic acid.

76) Traces of H+ can catalyze both the formation of an ester and its hydrolysis.

77) Fats and oils are triesters of glycerol.

78) Soap is a triglyceride.

79) Saponification is hydrogenation of an ester under basic conditions.

80) The carboxyl group is found in all fatty acids.

81) The potassium salts of the carboxylic acids are more soluble in water than the sodium salts of carboxylic acids.

82) The formula of trifluoroacetic acid is CF3COOF.

83) Soaps tend to form insoluble compounds in the presence of Ca2+ ions.