Bivariate Correlation And Regression Full Test Bank Ch.12 - Answer Key + Test Bank | Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice 5e by Bachman by Ronet D. Bachman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 12: Bivariate Correlation and Regression
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A graphical display of the strength of the relationship between two interval/ratio level variables is a ______.
a. histogram
b. box plot
c. scatterplot
d. pie chart
Learning Objective: 12.2. Conduct and interpret a scatterplot between two continuous (interval/ ratio) level variables.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Graphing the bivariate distribution between two quantitative variables: scatterplots
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. After collecting data on age and number of speeding tickets, the researcher found that older people are less likely to have speeding tickets. What type of relationship is this between the two variables?
a. positive
b. linear
c. negative
d. nonlinear
Learning Objective: 12.1. Describe the difference between a positive and a negative relationship between two continuous (interval/ratio) level variables.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Graphing the bivariate distribution between two quantitative variables: scatterplots
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. After collecting data on age and number of times one was victimized, the researcher found that older people are more likely to be victimized. What type of relationship is this between the two variables?
a. positive
b. linear
c. negative
d. nonlinear
Learning Objective: 12.1. Describe the difference between a positive and a negative relationship between two continuous (interval/ratio) level variables.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Graphing the bivariate distribution between two quantitative variables: scatterplots
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. If one fit a line to their scatterplot and found that the line was flat, this would indicate what type of relationship?
a. positive
b. linear
c. negative
d. no relationship
Learning Objective: 12.1. Describe the difference between a positive and a negative relationship between two continuous (interval/ratio) level variables.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Graphing the bivariate distribution between two quantitative variables: scatterplots
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. A statistic that quantifies the relationship between two interval/ratio level variables is ______.
a. Eta squared
b. Phi coefficient
c. Pearson correlation coefficient
d. Gamma
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Pearson correlation coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. A study found that the more elementary and junior high students are involved in structured after-school activities, the less likely they are to get involved with drugs. Which of the following correlations would reflect this relationship?
a. r = 1.00
b. r = .75
c. r = -.40
d. r = .00
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Pearson correlation coefficient
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. A correlation coefficient of .6 would indicate a ______.
a. moderate to strong positive relationship
b. weak to moderate positive relationship
c. moderate negative relationship
d. moderate positive relationship
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Pearson correlation coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Which type of relationship between two variables does the Pearson correlation assume?
a. linear
b. significant
c. skewed
d. nonlinear
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Pearson correlation coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The coefficient of determination is the square of the correlation coefficient. This informs one as to the ______.
a. critical value of the correlation
b. the proportion of the variation in dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable
c. the direction of the relationship
d. how strong the relationship is
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A more precise way to interpret a correlation: The coefficient of determination
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. If a researcher obtains an r of .35, what would be the correct interpretation of r2?
a. 35% of the variation is explained
b. 45% of the variation is explained
c. 12% of the variation is explained
d. 80% of the variation is explained
Learning Objective: 12.3. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: A more precise way to interpret a correlation: The coefficient of determination
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. The mean is a statistic that ______.
a. makes the effect most likely
b. maximizes the variance
c. minimizes the variance
d. identifies the midpoint of the variance range
Learning Objective: 12.4. Describe how the ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression equation is different from the correlation coefficient and why they are both useful.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. The conditional mean of y is ______.
a. the means of y calculated at each value of x
b. the means of x calculated at each value of y
c. the total mean of y
d. the total mean of x
Learning Objective: 12.4. Describe how the ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression equation is different from the correlation coefficient and why they are both useful.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. The straight line that comes the closest to going through each conditional mean of y is the ______.
a. coefficient of determination
b. correlation coefficient
c. closest fitting line
d. best fitting line
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The estimation procedure ordinary least-squares (OLS) relies on is ______.
a. the squared deviations from the mean
b. raw deviations from the mean
c. standardized deviation from the mean
d. nonlinear deviations from the mean
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. The y-intercept is the value when ______.
a. x is equal to its mean
b. x is equal to the mean of y
c. x is equal to 0
d. y is equal to 0
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. In the regression equation β is the ______.
a. variable score
b. regression coefficient
c. constant
d. degrees of freedom
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. The slope indicates ______.
a. the change in y associated with a one-unit change in x
b. the change in x associated with a one-unit change in y
c. how many units away from the mean of y x is
d. how many units away from the mean of x y is
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The least-squares regression line and the slope coefficient
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. What would ŷ be if the intercept equals 12 and the b equals 2 for an x of 8?
a. 28
b. 22
c. 32
d. 20
Learning Objective: 12.6. Explain how to use the OLS regression equation for prediction.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using the regression line for prediction
Difficulty Level: Hard
19. When outliers are included in the regression analysis, what is a likely outcome for the data?
a. The slope and correlation coefficients are not inflated.
b. The slope and correlation coefficients will remain unchanged.
c. The slope and correlation coefficients will be excessively influenced.
d. Only the slope coefficient will be excessively influenced while the correlation coefficient will not be influenced.
Learning Objective: 12.7. Conduct and interpret null hypothesis tests for both the correlation and slope coefficients.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer Location: The problems of limited variation, nonlinear relationships, and outliers in the data
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Error in predicting the dependent variable is the ______.
a. type II error
b. type I error
c. residual
d. coefficient
Learning Objective: 12.6. Explain how to use the OLS regression equation for prediction.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Using the regression line for prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. When the assumption of homoscedasticity is violated it means that ______.
a. the error terms are constant across all values of x
b. the error terms are not constant across all values of x
c. the residuals are too large
d. the residuals do not vary enough across values of x
Learning Objective: 12.6. Explain how to use the OLS regression equation for prediction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Testing for the significance of b and r
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
22. The y-intercept is where the regression line crosses the y-axis.
Learning Objective: 12.6. Explain how to use the OLS regression equation for prediction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using the regression line for prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. The closer the data points are to the estimated regression line, the more accurate the predicted y scores are and the smaller the residuals will be.
Learning Objective: 12.6. Explain how to use the OLS regression equation for prediction.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using the regression line for prediction
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Both the regression slope coefficient and correlation coefficient are standardized and therefore its magnitudes do not depend on the measurement of the variables.
Learning Objective: 12.4. Describe how the ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression equation is different from the correlation coefficient and why they are both useful.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Testing for the significance of b and r
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
25. What are the 5 assumptions for testing hypotheses of and . Describe each assumption.
Learning Objective: 12.5. Calculate and interpret the OLS regression equation, and interpret the intercept and slope coefficient.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge/Comprehension/Application
Answer Location: Testing for the significance of b and r
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Connected Book
Answer Key + Test Bank | Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice 5e by Bachman
By Ronet D. Bachman