Chapter 1: An Introduction to Law and Society

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. These are the core beliefs about what is moral and immoral, good and bad, and acceptable and unacceptable.

A. norms

B. values

C. folkways

D. mores

2. These are the “action aspect” and tell us how to act in a situation.

A. norms

B. values

C. folkways

D. mores

3. These are the customs that guide our daily interactions and behavior.

A. norms

B. values

C. folkways

D. mores

4. ______ are deeply and intensely held norms about what is right and wrong. The violation of these are met with strong condemnation.

A. Norms

B. Values

C. Folkways

D. Mores

5. These provide the foundation for many of our laws.

A. norms

B. values

C. folkways

D. mores

6. Mores and folkways are informal ______.

A. norms

B. values

C. folkways

D. mores

7. This person is known as the father of the common law.

A. Ranulf de Glanville

B. Henry II

C. Henry VIII

D. Henry de Bracton

8. This is an example of the social control function of the law.

A. the U.S. Congress declaring MLK day as a holiday in 1983

B. NYC imposing fines for people not picking up after their dogs

C. land ownership laws

D. Brown v. Board of Education ensuring that schools in America are desegregated

9. Identify from the choices below, an example of the dispute resolution function of law.

A. Illinois giving out tax breaks for charitable donations

B. Congress passing a law that would allow for wounded veterans to receive medical care for PTSD

C. Chicago’s ban on handheld cell phone usage while operating a motor vehicle

D. state laws regarding divorce and property distribution

10. Identify the fundamental principle that constitutes the foundation of Socialist law from the choices below.

A. security, education, administration

B. security, education, property

C. security, administration, crime

D. property, education, crime

11. The following definition of law follows what approach of defining the law? “Law is a body of binding obligations . . . kept in force by the specific mechanisms of reciprocity and publicity inherent in the structure of society.”

A. law and social integration

B. law and physical force

C. law and justice

D. law in action

12. Legal anthropologist Paul Bohannan views law as based on ______.

A. tradition

B. morals

C. custom

D. divine edict

13. Identify which of the following is an example of the social control function of the law.

A. speeding laws

B. inheritance laws

C. voting rights for women

D. divorce laws

14. Identify which of the following is an example of the dispute resolution function of the law.

A. public intoxication laws

B. alcohol and drug use laws

C. inheritance laws

D. voting rights for African Americans

15. Identify which of the following is an example of the social change function of the law.

A. public loitering laws

B. speeding laws

C. divorce laws

D. voting rights for women

16. Identify which of the following is NOT a dysfunctional role of the law.

A. harassment

B. prosecution

C. bias

D. repression

17. Identify the dysfunctional role of the law described by how the law may limit the ability of individuals to use the law to vindicate their right and liberties.

A. bias

B. unequal access to justice

C. impeding social change

D. repression

18. Identify the theorist who presented the following: “An order, shall be called law where it is externally guaranteed by the probability that coercion (physical or psychological), to bring about conformity or avenge violation will be applied by a staff of people especially ready for that purpose.”

A. Weber

B. Engels

C. Marx

D. Hoebel

19. Identify from the following definition of law, which two theorists are best represented, “Law is a mechanism to support the political and economic domination of the powerful ruling class and to exploit the working class.”

A. Marx, Bohannan

B. Marx, Engles

C. Bohannan, Engles

D. Marx, Stalin

20. From the following quote identify which theorist is represented, “Law is a body of binding obligations . . . kept in force by the specific mechanisms of reciprocity and publicity inherent in the structure of society.”

A. Bohannan

B. Engles

C. Malinowski

D. Marx

21. Which definition of law is represented by, “The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by law”?

A. law in action

B. law and official authority

C. law and justice

D. law, coercion, and specialization

22. Which definition of law is represented by, “A social norm is legal if its neglect or infraction is regularly met, in threat or in fact by the application of physical force by an individual or group possessing the socially recognized privilege of so acting”?

A. law and official authority

B. law and justice

C. law and physical force

D. law in action

23. Identify the countries in which Communism is still present.

A. Yugoslavia, China, North Korea, Cuba

B. North Korea, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Hungary

C. China, North Korea, Cuba, Laos

D. Cuba, North Korea, Russia, Japan

24. Identify one of the things the United Nations can do when a country violates international law.

A. violate national sovereignty

B. organize a coalition of member states to act militarily

C. use its own army to punish the country

D. none of these

25. Public law is comprised of ______.

A. constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law

B. constitutional law, torts, and property

C. constitutional law, contract, and property

D. constitutional law, administrative, and tort

26. Private law is comprised of ______.

A. contract, criminal law, and administrative

B. contract, torts, and property

C. contract, administrative, and torts

D. contract, torts, and criminal

27. A law that punishes murder best fits with what Law and Society perspective?

A. conflict

B. criminal law

C. private law

D. consensus

28. A law that allows for large corporations to be tax exempt best fits with what Law and Society perspective?

A. consensus

B. conflict

C. property

D. public law

29. This type of norm includes habits guiding our interactions with teachers and family ______.

A. norms

B. folkway

C. mores

D. sanctions

30. In Islamic Law, this happens if the plaintiff is unable to produce the required number of qualified witnesses.

A. the case is automatically dismissed

B. the defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence

C. the defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence and if so done, the case is dismissed

D. the defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence and if so done the case is dismissed; otherwise, if the defendant refuses three times, a judgment is entered.

31. In Islamic Law, what happens if the plaintiff is unable to produce the required number of qualified witnesses?

A. The case is automatically dismissed.

B. The defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence.

C. The defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence and if so done, the case is dismissed.

D. The defendant is asked to take a religious oath attesting his or her innocence and if so done the case is dismissed; otherwise, if the defendant refuses three times, a judgment is entered.

32. In Islamic law, the prosecution can present eyewitnesses. Which of the following is true about eyewitness requirements?

A. Adultery and fornication require four eyewitnesses.

B. Nonadultery offenses require five eyewitnesses.

C. Only Muslim males can be eyewitnesses.

D. none of these

33. “Law is custom recreated by agents of society in institutions specifically meant to deal with legal questions.” This definition of law follows what approach of defining the law?

A. law and justice

B. law and social integration

C. law and custom

D. law in action

34. Those with more money are allowed better chances at winning or getting charges acquitted. This statement emphasizes what dysfunction of law?

A. bias

B. unequal access to justice

C. harassment

D. repression

35. As you evaluate the following definition of law, identify what approach this is of defining the law, “An order, shall be called law where it is externally guaranteed by the probability that coercion (physical or psychological), to bring about conformity or avenge violation will be applied by a staff of people especially ready for that purpose.”

A. law, coercion, and specialization

B. law and physical force

C. law in action

D. law and justice

1. The United Nations can use their own military in order to sanction those states that violate international law.

2. “Black letter law” is referred to the study of law that looks at all the outside factors that influence how legal cases play out.

3. Roscoe Pound is the theorist most closely identified with the consensus perspective.

4. In Islamic criminal procedure, you are allowed an appeal.

5. Law and Society takes on internal approaches to law and focuses on court cases, statutes, and constitutional provision and aims to provide an answer to a legal problem.

6. Workers compensation is an example of the conflict model where the employers imposed rules to protect themselves at the cost of others.

7. In Islamic Law, two women witnesses are equal to one male witness.

8. Private law includes the areas of contract, torts, and property.

9. Jurisprudence looks at the underlying philosophical questions of law.

10. Courts are particularly concerned with protecting national security during wartime.

11. The conflict perspective views society as based on shared values.

12. Pound identified six “conflict perspectives” that are promoted by law and which are essential to the maintenance of a secure and stable society.

13. William Chambliss’s essay on the Irish law of social deviance is a classic study of the role of the law in serving the interests of dominant economic groups.

14. Dominant groups use the police and other social control agencies to enforce the laws that promote their self-interest and values and is one of the propositions that underlie the conflict theory.

15. In Discriminatory Justice, individuals in similar situations should be treated in a similar fashion.

1. Summarize the main points of the Conflict Perspective.

2. Identify, define, and summarize the principles of Public law.

3. Identify, define, and summarize the principles of Private law.

4. Explain how “black letter law” and jurisprudence consider law.

5. Identify and then compare and contrast the two perspectives on law and society.