Lecturer MCQs

Chapter 8: Theories, models and interventions

1. In the health belief model (HBM), the likelihood of a behaviour is influenced by cues to action that are reminders or prompts to take action consistent with an intention. These cues to action can be ______.

a. internal and external

b. cognitive and developmental

c. physical and mental

d. both internal and external and physical and mental

2. Which theory was developed by Rogers (1975) to describe coping with a health threat in light of two appraisal processes, threat appraisal and coping appraisal? It introduces a most basic human emotion into health protection: fear.

a. The Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model

b. Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behaviour

c. The Common Sense Model

d. Protection motivation theory (PMT)

3. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is based on the assumption that ______.

a. perceived behavioural control influences intentions and behaviour directly

b. a person is likely to do what he or she intends to do

c. patients are problem solvers, attempting to make sense of an illness

d. the learning of health-related information is a prerequisite to action

4. Multiple studies concur that the TPB, and its many extensions and adaptations, fail to account for ______ percent of the variability in health behaviour.

a. 15

b. more than 20

c. just over 45

d. 50–60

5. Weinman et al. (1996) developed the ______ to assess the cognitive representation of illness in the CSM.

a. Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ)

b. Illness and Personality Questionnaire (IPQ)

c. Illness Resilience Questionnaire (IRQ)

d. Illness Management Questionnaire (IMQ)

6. The ‘Transtheoretical Model’ (TTM), otherwise known as the ‘Stages of Change Model’, was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983). The TTM hypothesizes 6 stages of change, which people are alleged to progress through in making a change, these are ______.

a. introduction, pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

b. pre-contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination, relapse

c. introduction, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination or relapse

d. pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination or relapse

7. Who developed the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)?

a. Ajzen

b. Bowlby

c. Bandura

d. Fisher and Fisher

8. The SCT proposes that ______.

a. learning can occur through observation of models in the absence of any overt reinforcement

b. the learning of health-related information is a prerequisite to action

c. learning occurs through observation of models who provide overt reinforcement

d. none of these

9. What aspect of the Social Cognitive theory is described here? ______ is a person’s belief that they have behavioural competence in a particular situation ('I can do it'). ______ is related to whether or not an individual will undertake particular goal-directed activities ('I will do it'), the amount of energy that he or she will put into their effort ('I want to do it') and the length of time that the individual will persist in striving to achieve a particular goal ('I need to do it').

a. Self-motivation

b. Self-belief

c. Self-efficacy

d. Self-esteem

10. Critics have suggested that individual-level theories and models of social cognition are ______.

a. unfalsifiable

b. flawed

c. tautological

d. all of these