3e Test bank Cultures of the West 3e Clifford Backman

Test Questions—Chapter 1

1. Two rivers enabled Sumerian agriculture and its civilization, the Tigris and the

a) Danube.

b) Nile.

c) Jordan.

d) Euphrates.

(see page 6)

2. Early agriculturalists were mostly men.

a) True

b) False

(see page 7)

3. Bronze appeared by:

a) 2000 bce

b) 4000 bce

c) 7000 bce

d) 500 ce

(see page 7)

4. Humanity’s relationship with the gods, according to early Mesopotamian religion, can best be described as

a) humans exist to serve the gods.

b) the gods created humans as entertainment.

c) humans exist to choose between good and evil.

d) humans exist to fight the gods.

(see page 18)

5. Secular and religious power in Mesopotamia was represented by the two offices of _________and __________, which emerged together.

(see page 9)

6. Enlil was

a) the first king.

b) a river in Sumer.

c) a priestess.

d) the sky god.

(see page 9)

7. The myth of the __________________ represented a fear of real events for Sumerians.

(see page 10)

8. Writing was a tightly held monopoly by professional scribes in Sumer.

a) True

b) False

(see p.15)

9. What group conquered the Sumerian city-states around 2350 bce?

a) Egyptians

b) Sea People

c) Akkadians

d) Indians

(see p.10)

10. Sargon’s conquered territory was linked together in an early form of ________.

(see p.10)

11. Sargon grew wealthy from combining Sumer’s agriculture with

a) trade.

b) diplomacy.

c) exploration.

d) metallurgy.

(see p.10)

12. The Akkadian Empire was the first example of the importance of the connections between which two regions?

a) Europe and America

b) Central Asia and the Mediterranean

c) the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean

d) Africa and Europe

(see p.10)

13. The Nile Delta forms the region known as “Lower Egypt?”

a) True

b) False

(see p.25)

14. _____________developed the system of dynasties used to delineate Egyptian kings.

(see p.26)

15. The Egyptians may have acquired writing from what civilization?

a) the Sumerians

b) the Old Kingdom

c) the Akkadians

d) the Babylonians

(see p.29)

16. “Nomes” were

a) rulers.

b) priests.

c) regions.

d) gods.

(see p.32)

17. The capital city of Old Kingdom Egypt was

a) Memphis.

b) Cairo.

c) Aswan.

d) Alexandria.

(see p.32)

18. Egypt was a wealthy civilization because

a) they had extensive gold mines.

b) they had easy access to slaves from sub-Saharan Africa.

c) the regular flooding of the Nile made the land fertile.

d) the gods decreed it.

(see p.26)

19. Religion in ancient Egypt had little to do with ethics.

a) True

b) False

(see p.37)

20. Which of the following civilizations spoke an Indo-European language?

a) Egyptians.

b) Hebrews.

c) Hittites.

d) Assyrians.

(see p.44)

Test Questions—Chapter 2

1. The Hebrew Bible was written over

a) Abraham’s lifetime.

b) a century.

c) a thousand years.

b) three hundred years.

(see p.58)

2. Torah means

a) instructions.

b) God’s Book.

c) the Way.

d) the Life.

(see p.58)

3. Which king developed a Hebrew state by building a capital city and developing a political bureaucracy?

a) Abraham

b) David

c) Cyrus

d) Solomon

4. The Hebrew Bible is a reliable historical source.

a) True

b) False

(see p.60)

5. How many authors does the Documentary Hypothesis agree that the Hebrew Bible had?

a) three

b) five

c) one

d) four

(see p.61)

6. The idea that the Hebrew texts result from the intertwining of several writers work is known as the _________________________.

(see p.61)

7. According to archaeological evidence, the Hebrews began to move into Palestine around

a) 2500 bce.

b) 1200 bce.

c) 100 ce.

d) 1000 ce.

(see p.62)

8. The Judges held both political and religious authority.

a) True

b) False

(see p.63)

9. ______________established Jerusalem as the capital city.

(see p.64)

10. The reigns of which two kings represent a Golden Age in Jewish history?

a) David and Solomon

b) Jesus and David

c) Nebuchadnezzar and Cyrus

d) Isaac and Moses

(see p.67)

11. Jewish law gave its women more social autonomy than most ancient societies.

a) True

b) False

(see p.69)

12. ____________________________ enjoins Hebrews to honor their mothers and fathers equally.

(see p.70)

13. The Torah praises celibacy.

a) True

b) False

(see p.72)

14. The Jews conflated ___________and ______________to a degree that they could not be separated, which was a revolutionary development in Western life.

(see p.73)

15. The Jews’ captivity in Babylon drove the Jews to

a) military action.

b) persecution of non-Jews.

c) new engineering inventions.

d) stricter observance of the Torah.

(see p.75)

16. “Rabbi” Means “Lord.”

a) True

b) False

(see p.75)

17. Who released the Jews from bondage in Babylon?

a) King Solomon

b) Cyrus the Great

c) Saul

d) YHWH

(see p.75)

18. Ezra and Nehemiah were _______.

a) Prophets

b) Priests

c) Kings

d) Generals

(see p.75)

19. Ahura Mazda was the one true god of the

a) Babylonians.

b) Persians.

c) Hittites.

d) Phoenicians.

(see p.83)

20. The Zoroastrian holy book is called the _______.

a) Persian Bible

b) Vedas

c) Qur’an

d) Avesta

(see p.83)

Test Questions—Chapter 3

1. The first Greek culture arose in the Aegean around

a) 1000 ce.

b) 100 bce.

c) 2000 bce.

d) 1600 bce.

(see p.90)

2. Greek gods inhabited Mount__________.

(see p.90)

3. The early Greeks prospered thanks to

a) fishing.

b) trade.

c) farming.

d) luck.

(see p.91)

4. Sailing through the Aegean was easy at any time of year.

a) True

b) False

(see p.91)

5. Minoan culture lasted from 2000 bce to

a) 1500 bce.

b) 1800 bce.

c) 1000 bce.

d) 100 bce.

(see p.92)

6. Trading culture on Crete predated the arrival of the Mycenaeans.

a) True

b) False

(see p.93)

7. The years from 1600 bce to 1200 bce are known as the ___________________ Age.

(see p.94)

8. The Mycenaeans were _______.

a) peaceful.

b) poor.

c) militaristic.

d) disorganized.

(see p.94)

9. ___________was the author of the Iliad.

(see p.96)

10. The Iliad lauds the glories of which civilization?

a) Persian

b) Mycenaean

c) Athenian

d) Egyptian

(see p.96)

11. Homer’s poems describe the Mycenaean past accurately.

a) True

b) False

(see p.96)

12. The Mycenaean Age was followed by the ___________.

(see p.96)

13. During the Dark Age, Greek communities began to refer to themselves as ______________.

(see p.99)

14. The Greek Dark Age gave way to the

a) New era.

b) Greek empire.

c) Archaic period.

d) Hellenic era.

(see p.99)

15. Women were expected to be monogamous.

a) True

b) False

(see p.103)

16. Sparta’s men specialized in warfare to

a) defeat other poleis.

b) defend against the Persians.

c) prevent tyrants from taking over.

d) prevent a slave revolt.

(see p.106)

17. In Greece, a person who seized power temporarily was a ________________.

(see p.111)

18. The Athenian democracy was created by

a) Pisistratos.

b) Cleisthenes.

c) Themistocles.

d) Leonidas.

(see p.112)

19. Greek democracy was fully democratic in the modern sense.

a) True

b) False

(see p.113)

20. The Ionian League revolted against _________ in 502 bce.

(see p.114)

Test Questions—Chapter 4

1. The start of the Persian wars and the end of the Peloponnesian war marks the

a) Dark Ages.

b) Classical Age.

c) Archaic period.

d) Hellenic era.

(see p.119)

2. The Greek alliance to defend against the Persians was known as the _____________.

(see p.120)

3. Wine was always drunk undiluted.

a) True

b) False

(see p.124)

4. The woman’s zone was known as the gynaeceum.

a) True

b) False

(see p.125)

5. Greek religion during the Classical Era was _______

a) highly emotional

b) based on barter

c) doused on ritual

d) basically nonexistent

(see p.128)

6. Tragedy’s origins likely lie in the worship of which god?

a) Zeus

b) Dionysus

c) Demeter

d) Hera

(see p.128)

7. The Greek cardinal sin, often translated as excessive pride, is _______

(see p.129)

8. Sophocles authored a famous retelling of which myth?

a) Jason and the Argonauts

b) The Odyssey

c) Oedipus

d) Isis and Osiris

(see p.129)

9. Hubris is erotic love.

a) True

b) False

(see p.129)

10. The Peloponnesian War lasted from

a) 100–94 bce

b) 431–404 bce

c) 100–103 ce

d) 603–592 bce

(see p.131)

11. Alcibiades was originally a native of ________________.

(see p, 132)

12. Which city state defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War?

a) Miletus

b) Sparta

c) Ithaca

d) Ephesus

(see p.133)

13. Who wrote the History of the Persian Wars?

a) Herodotus

b) Thucydides

c) Aeschylus

d) Plato

(see p.134)

14. The _______________oath marked the onset of new physicians’ careers.

(see p.136)

15. Which philosopher believed that humans were meant to strive for happiness?

a) Socrates

b) Plato

c) Aristotle

d) Solon

(see p.143

16. _____________thought that our world was a pallid reflection of the world of Ideal Forms.

(see p.142)

17. Alexander the Great was from Greece.

a) True

b) False

(see p.146)

18. Alexander’s conquest extended as far east as ___________.

(see p.147)

19. The Hellenistic era describes a period of time that saw

a) the extension and imitation of Greek culture throughout the Near East.

b) the absence of autocratic power for nearly three centuries.

c) the disappearance of a Greek cultural legacy.

d) the disappearance of Greek religious beliefs and practices.

(see p.149)

20. The Maccabean revolt was directed against

a) Alexander the Great.

b) the Seleucid leaders of Jerusalem.

c) the Babylonian king.

d) the Persian empire.

(see p.154)

Test Questions—Chapter 5

1. Romans believed themselves descended from the

a) Sumerians.

b) Egyptians.

c) Trojans.

d) Persians.

(see p.163)

2. Roman tradition says that the city had _______ kings.

1. Four
2. Seven

C) Twelve

d) Eighteen

(see p.165)

3. The Romans learned the technique of arch building from the ______________.

(see p.167)

4. The people who settled the region of Latium were known as the ______________.

(see p.167)

5. The Republic was established, according to legend, in

a) 700 bce.

b) 509 bce.

c) 100 ce.

d) 180 bce.

(see p.169)

6. The ___________was Rome’s first written law code.

(see p.170)

7. In the Roman state, the power to command and punish others was called _______.

a) magistrate

b) consul

c) res publica

d) imperium

(see p.173)

8.The head of the Roman extended family was known as the paterfamilias.

a) True

b) False

(see p.173)

9. Upper class women frequently played influential roles in Roman society.

a) True

b) False

(see p.173)

10. The office of the ____________ maintained the census, and administered finances.

(see p.175)

11. The lares familiares were _______

a) deified emperors

b) priests of the state religion

c) household gods

d) servants

Answer : C

(see p.177)

12. As the Republic grew larger, the government had to make more concessions to _______

a) the army

b) the equestrians

c) the colonies

d) the plebeians

(see p.182)

13. Rome fought the Punic wars against Greece.

a) True

b) False

(see p.183)

14. The last Punic war ended in________.

(see p.183)

15. As Rome conquered new territories they left _______ in charge of them.

a) victorious generals

b) local rulers

c) councils of local citizens

d) Roman civil servants

(see p.185)

16. Vast plantations growing commercial crops were known as __________.

(see p.186)

17. The Gracchi brothers’ main issue was _______.

a) currency reform

b) land reform

c) restoration of the monarchy

d) full democracy

(see p.188)

18. Marius became powerful because of his _______

a) powerful family

b) family wealth

c) military successes

d) oratorical abilities

(see p.189)

19. Julius Caesar’s arch enemy in the Senate was

a) Gracchus.

b) Marc Anthony.

c) Cicero.

d) Pompey the Great.

(see p. 190)

20. Caesar took the title Dictator in 101 bce.

a) True

b) False

(see p.190)

Test Questions—Chapter 6

1. Who created the empire?

a) Caesar

b) Octavian

c) Mark Anthony

d) Pompey

(see p. 196)

2. The Roman title imperator was originally granted to _______.

a) the chief consul

b) the chief priest

c) the emperor

d) victorious generals

(see p.196)

3. The early emperors cultivated an aura of humility.

a) True

b) False

(see p.197)

4. Most inland Roman cities began as _______.

a) trading centers

b) port cities

c) military encampments

d) barbarian strongholds

(see p.199)

5. Roman policy toward the religious beliefs of conquered territories was _______.

a) tolerance

b) persecution

c) out of sight, out of mind

d) all of the above

(see p. 200)

6. Daily religious observance for most Romans focused on _______.

a) Local deities

b) ancestor worship

c) State-run rituals

d) Both A and B

(see p.200)

7.“Mare Nostrum” referred to

a) the Aegean.

b) the Black Sea.

c) the Mediterranean.

d) the Atlantic.

(see p.201)

8. The Roman Army seldom occupied the lands they conquered.

a) True

b) False

(see p.203)

9. The Romans opened the army to recruits from all parts of the empire.

a) True

b) False

(see p.203)

10. Noncitizens could earn their citizenship in the early Empire by _______.

a) paying large sums of money.

b) joining the army.

c) saving the life of the emperor.

d) None of the above.

(see p.204)

11. After retirement, the ordinary Roman soldier

a) received a grant of land near his home.

b) received a cash payment he could use to reintegrate into civilian life.

c) took with him any bonuses he had saved from his service.

d) received a grant of land in a newly-conquered province.

(see p.205)

12. During the Pax Romana, the Empire experienced peace; there were no rebellions or uprisings at all.

a) True

b) False

(see p.205)

13. One of Rome’s major economic weaknesses was _______.

a) The abundance of gold and silver currency.

b) A fascination with luxury.

c) reliance on slave labor.

d) Their large territory.

(see p.207)

14. Which of the following philosophies most appealed to the Romans?

a) Sophistry

b) Epicureanism

c) Stoicism

d) Existentialism

(see p.207)

15. Which of the following is one of the Five Good Emperors?

a) Augustus

b) Nero

c) Hadrian

d) Septimus Severus

(see p.210)

16.The curiales were _______.

a) urban elites

b) wealthy landowners

c) families of Senators

d) working class people

(see p.211)

17. The Pantheon in Rome was a temple to _______.

a) Mars

b) Venus

c) Jupiter

d) All the gods

(see p. 211)

18. Masada is a site associated with a major revolt of the _______ against Rome.

a) The Britons

b) The Jews

c) The Germans

d) The Dacians

(see p.212)

19. During imperial times, Rome had over _______ residents.

a) 10,000

b) 100,000

c) 500,000

d) 1,000,000

(see p.215)

20. The Year of the Five Emperors was a civil war triggered by _______.

a) a succession crisis

b) economic instability

c) plague

d) a provincial uprising

(see p.216)

Test Questions—Chapter 7

1. The mystery cult of Mithras was originally from

a) Persia.

b) China.

c) Egypt.

d) Greece.

(see p.226)

2. What percentage of the world’s population today are Christians?

a) 33%

b) 70%

c) 10%

d) 25%

(see p.228)

3. The __________ is the principal source for the life of Jesus.

(see p.230)

4. The canon of the New Testament was not settled until the 4th century ce.

a) True

b) False

(see p.230)

5. The New Testament is comprised of how many texts?

a) 3

b) 6

c) 12

d) 27

(see p.230)

6. The history of Jesus must be understood in the context of the _________tradition.

(see p.232)

7. Jesus was associated with the movement of

a) the Sadducees.

b) the Pharisees.

c) the Neoplatonics.

d) John the Baptist.

( See p. 236)

8. The _________were the descendants of the “Children of Exile.”.

(see p.234)

9. The __________were associated with the “People of the Land.”

(see p.234)

10. The Romans conquered Judea in

a) 1 ce.

b) 27 bce.

c) 63 bce.

d) 103 bce.

(see p.235)

11. _________was named King of Judea by the Romans in 40 bce.

(see p.236)

12. Jesus’s Kingdom of God referred to a political state for the Jews.

a) True

b) False

13. Over Jesus’ cross the Romans inscribed the words, “Jesus _______________.”

(see p.239)

14. Three days after Jesus’ death a small group of his followers proclaimed

a) his sainthood.

b) the end of the world.

c) his resurrection.

d) their loyalty to Rome.

15. Christianity was unified soon after Jesus’ death.

a) True

b) False

(see p.241)

16. The early Christians agreed that St. Peter’s successors as bishop of Rome were the obvious leaders of the community.

a) True

b) False

(see p.244)

17. The first persecution of Christians by Romans began under

a) Augustus.

b) Nero.

c) Trajan.

d) Hadrian.

(see p.248)

18. Neoplatonism and Stoicism greatly enhanced Christian intellectual life.

a) True

b) False

(see p.249)

19. The Roman Emperor _________________ was a famous Stoic philosopher.

(see p.249)

20. Neoplatonic philosophers spread the teachings of what philosopher?

a) Aristotle

b) Plato

c) Socrates

d) Thucydides

(see p.250)

Test Questions—Chapter 8

1. Scholars refer to the period between the 4th and 8th centuries as Late Antiquity.

1. True
2. False

(see p. 257)

2. In the 3rd century the Roman Empire faced renewed attacks from the ________.

(see p.259)

3. After Diocletian, a true money economy would not return to continental Europe until

a) the 4th century.

b) the 10th century.

c) the 6th century.

d) the 12th century.

4. Diocletian is best known for the longest and most vicious campaign against the Christians.

a) True

b) False

(see p.260)

5. Diocletian promoted the ___________ as a unifying force in the empire.

(see p.261)

6. Narrative records of the sufferings of the Christian martyrs are called _______.

(see p.262)

7. Constantine’s conversion to Christianity occurred in

a) 212 ce.

b) 200 ce.

c) 389 ce.

d) 312 ce.

(see p.263)

8. The Edict of Milan

a) settled doctrinal disputes among Christians.

b) outlawed paganism.

c) legalized Christianity.

d) prohibited martyrdom.

(see p.263)

9. Constantine called the Council of Nicea _______.

a) to unify Christian beliefs.

b) to decide how to persecute Christians.

c) to decide how to persecute pagans.

d) to plan the conquest of the Persian Empire

(see p.265)

10. The only bishop to refuse to attend the Council of Nicea was the bishop of _______.

a) Jerusalem

b) Nicea

c) Rome

d) Alexandria

(see p.266)

11. Constantine moved the capital of the empire to

a) Jerusalem.

b) Rome.

c) Constantinople.

d) Alexandria.

(see p.267)

12. Moving the imperial capital in the 4th century represented

a) the growing importance of the western empire.

b) imperial desire to keep the empire unified.

c) an attempt to prevent the spread of Christianity.

d) the growing importance of the eastern empire.

(see p.267)

13. Byzantium readopted the Greek language.

a) True

b) False

(see p.267)

14. The ________ formed the basis of all jurisprudence in Byzantium.

(see p.269)

15. In 614, which old enemy took Jerusalem?

a) the Persians

b) the Greeks

c) the Arabs

d) the Germans

(see p.273)

16. Germanic inheritance law dictated that kingdoms were _______.

a) split among the king’s children.

b) split among the king’s sons.

c) inherited by the oldest son.

d) inherited by the best fighter.

(see p.277)

17. __________ was a legal system that compensated for physical injury.

(see p.280)

18. Many Germans who accepted Christianity merely added Jesus to their pagan deities.

a) True

b) False

(see p.283)

19. Monasticism became popular in Europe _______.

a) During the Roman persecutions.

b) Thanks to the chaos of the Germanic invasions.

c) As a counter to the rise of mysticism.

d) After Christianity became the majority religion.

(see p.284)

20. ___________were responsible for preserving the ancient classical texts.

(see p.287)

Test Questions—Chapter 9

1. Arabic is an Indo-European language.

a) True

b) False

(see p.294)

2. Before the 6th century the peoples of Arabia lived by _______.

a) raiding

b) trade

c) agriculture

d) herding

(see p.294)

3. The __________ was a kind of Arab Pantheon.

(see p.296)

4. The core message of the Qur’an is that prayer alone brings salvation.

a) True

b) False

(see p.296)

5. The obligation for Muslims to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetimes is called _______.

a) ummah

b) sawm

c) hajj

d) hadith

(see p.297)

6. The ‘People of the Book’ are _______.

a) All people with sacred scriptures.

b) Christians.

c) Christians and Jews.

d) Literate peoples

(see p.298)

7. Historians know much more about the life of Muhammad than about the lives of Moses or Jesus.

a) True

b) False

(see p.300)

8. The Hadith are _______.

a) part of the Qur’an

b) Non-Qur’anic teachings of the Prophet

c) Tenets of shari’a

d) heresies

(see p.300)

9.Muhammad died in

a) 575 ce.

b) 723 ce.

c) 711 ce.

d) 632 ce.

(see p.303)

10. The Muslim legal doctrine of the dhimmi covered _______.

a) relations between Arab and Persian Muslims

b) legal succession to the caliphate

c) the protected minorities of Jews and Christians

d) the treatment of polytheists

(see p.306)

11. The Abbasids made their capital at _______________.

(see p.308)

12. Islam became the majority religion of the empire _______

a) almost immediately

b) within a hundred years

c) not until at least the 10th century

d) not until the Ottomans took over in the 14th century

(see p.308)

13. Religious judges were called

a) Qadis.

b) Viziers.

c) Ummahs.

d) Imams.

(see p.309)

14. Shi’a Muslims believed that _________ was the first true caliph.

(see p.309)

15. The practice of veiling women in public _______.

a) was a traditional Arab practice

b) was a traditional Persian practice

c) was mandated by the Qur’an

d) was a later Turkish interpolation

(see p.311)

16. The House of Wisdom at Baghdad was _______.

a) a center of translation for Greek and Roman science and literature

b) a training center for judges

c) a school of philosophy

d) a school of theology

(see p.312)

17. Shari’a law is based on _______

a) the Qur’an

b) the Hadith

c) the Arab legal system

d) Both A and B

(see p.313)

18. Muslim writers excelled at producing _______.

a) theology

b) history

c) philosophy

d) economics

(see p.314)

19. The purpose of Kalam was to _______.

a) create an Islamic school of philosophy.

b) help cultures with traditions of rationalism to accept Islam

c) create a unified Islamic theology

d) argue against Islamic heresies.

(see p.316)

20. The Qur’an gives women the right to give testimony in legal cases.

a) True

b) False

(see p.318)

Test Questions—Chapter 10

1. The Abbasid revolution took place in

a) 622.

b) 585.

c) 750.

d) 821.

(see p.325)

2. The Abbasids made their capital at _______________.

(see p.325)

3. The founder of the Carolingians was

a) Charlemagne.

b) Pepin of Heristal.

c) Pepin the Short.

d) Leo II.

(see p.326)

4. _____________ defeated a Muslim army in France in 732.

(see p.326)

5. The Carolingians gained wealth by plundering__________________.

(see p.326)

6. Charlemagne ruled from

a) 768–814.

b) 689–699.

c) 712–734.

d) 894–908.

(see p.326)

7. Charlemagne wanted to unite all of Europe around a shared culture of __________.

a) Roman inheritance

b) Latin Christianity

c) Germanness

d) All of the above.

(see p.330)

8. Officials at Charlemagne’s court earned their places because of noble birth.

a) True

b) False

(see p.328)

9. Charlemagne was crowned Augustus in ________.

(see p.330)

10. Charlemagne proposed an alliance to which Byzantine ruler?

a) Justinian

b) Gregory

c) Irene

d) Theodosius

(see p.331)

11. Charlemagne’s son Louis began the collapse of the Carolingian empire by _______.

a) Allying with the Abbasids.

b) Attacking the Byzantine Empire.

c) Attacking the Pope.

d) Having three sons.

(see p.332)

12. Viking raids were so dangerous to Europe because _______.

a) they were unpredictable.

b) they could sail upriver.

c) their ships were fast-moving

d) all of the above

(see p.332)

13. Muslim states in North Africa attacked the Mediterranean coast of Europe in an attempt to _______.

a) carry jihad to Europe

b) carve out zones of economic interest

c) carry off slaves

d) compete with the growing power of European states.

(see p.336)

14. Manorial lords relied on dependent farmers called _________.

(see p.336)

15. Feudal bonds between lords and vassals gave the vassals

a) legitimacy.

b) wealth.

c) the right to own serfs.

d) control of the Church.

(see p.338)

16. Mediterranean cities redeveloped as

a) farming communities.

b) centers of learning.

c) monastery villages.

d) trading centers.

(see p.339)

17. __________was the rampant abuse of selling church offices.

(see p.342)

18. The Great Schism formally split

a) the eastern and western empires.

b) the Orthodox and Catholic Churches.

c) the Abbasid and Umayyad Empires.

d) northern and southern Europe.

(see p.344)

19. Sufism was

a) conservative Islamic law.

b) a sect of assassins.

c) Islamic mysticism.

d) the elephant given to Charlemagne.

(see p.346)

20. The Talmud was written by

a) Jewish priests.

b) Catholic priests.

c) Jewish rabbis.

d) Laymen.

(see p.354)

Test Questions—Chapter 11

1. Feudal England, Germany, and __________were the leading powers of the age.

(see p.365)

2. Scholastic writers specialized in theology.

a) True

b) False

(see p.367)

3. Julian of Norwich was a

a) skeptic.

b) mystic.

c) pope.

d) king.

(see p.371)

4. The __________was a kind of medieval trade association.

(see p.372)

5. The development of parliaments originally arose from the

a) demands of the common people.

b) demands of the nobility.

c) survival of old Roman traditions.

d) kings’ need to collect more taxes.

(see p.375)

6. The __________ began as a pedagogical program to counter heresy.

(see p.374)

7. The English king’s powers were constrained in 1215 by the signing of

a) the Diet of Worms.

b) the Magna Carta.

c) the Domesday Book.

d) the Treaty of Crecy.

(see p.375

8. ______________ of Germany inherited the Holy Roman empire from his father, but his lack of interest in ruling it led to the development of the Diet.

(see p.375)

9. _______________ was the longest war in Western history.

(see p.381)

The bubonic plague arrived in Europe in

a) 1066.

b) 1289.

c) 1347.

d) 1492.

(see p.383)

11. The plague was transmitted by flies.

a) True

b) False

(see p.384)

12. Which nomadic force came from the East in the 12th century?

a) the Mongols

b) the Turks

c) the Chinese

d) the Mamluks

(see p.387)

13. _____________ conquered Persia in 1219.

(see p.388)

14. Which Mongol emperor had the last Abbasid caliph trampled to death?

a) Genghis Khan

b) Hulagu

c) Tamerland

d) Kublai Khan

(see p.390)

15. The Mongols developed multiple innovations in government.

a) True

b) False

(see p.390)

16. The Mamluks defeated the Mongols at _____________.

(see p.398)

17. The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in

a) 1347.

b) 1400.

c) 1532.

d) 1453.

(see p.400)

18. The famous Islamic poet Rumi preached _______ ideas.

a) Sunni.

b) Shi’a.

c) Jewish.

d) Sufi

(see p.401)

19. The Ottomans kidnapped Greek Christian boys to fill out the ranks of their rulers’ personal bodyguard, the _______.

(see p.402)

20. After the conquest of Constantinople, the Ottomans made it their capital and renamed it _______.

a) Ankara.

b) Istanbul.

c) Antioch.

d) Baghdad.

(see p.403)

Test Questions—Chapter 12

1. The Renaissance took place between roughly

a) 1190 and 1245.

b) 1350 and 1550.

c) 1400 and 1600.

d) 1550 and 1650.

(see p.407)

2. The cult of classical learning had its origins in monastic life.

a) True

b) False

(see p.409)

3. The concern to develop human potential is known as ______________.

(see p.410)

4. The major elements of the Renaissance were humanism, classicism, and

a) theology.

b) satire.

c) mysticism.

d) statecraft.

(see p.412)

5. The _____________ empire had long controlled the northern Italian city-states.

(see p.413)

6. Italian nobles tended to live in cities.

a) True

b) False

(see p.414)

7. The ___________ family ruled Florence.

(see p.414)

8. The influx of scholars and artists from where contributed to the intellectual life of the Renaissance?

a) Persia

b) China

c) Byzantine empire

d) Islamic empire

(see p.417)

9. _____________ literature began to appear in print during the Renaissance.

(see p.418)

10. Who wrote The Prince?

a) Rabelais

b) Erasmus

c) Machiavelli

d) Luther

(see p.419)

11. Castiglione came from _______________.

(see p.420)

12. When Humanism took root in the north it did so as French Humanism.

a) True

b) False

(see p.421)

13. ____________ was arguably the greatest humanist scholar.

(see p.422)

14. Erasmus’ masterpiece was

a) The Prince.

b) Julius Excluded.

c) In Praise of Folly.

d) a new edition of the New Testament.

(see p.424)

15. Who wrote the Ninety Five Theses?

a) Luther

b) Erasmus

c) Rabelais

d) Calvin

(see p.428)

16. Luther’s main quarrel with the church was over the ___________

(See p.428)

17. Luther was excommunicated by the pope.

a) True

b) False

(see p.428)

18. The Anabaptists were breakaway followers of _______.

a) Luther

b) Calvin

c) Zwingli

d) Erasmus

(see p.437)

19. Calvin published the Institutes of Christian Religion in

a) 1500.

b) 1535.

c) 1493.

d) 1601.

(see p.438)

20. Calvin’s Elect are the members of the church who are _______.

a) political leaders

b) religious leaders

c) morally upright

d) destined for heaven

(see p.439)

Test Questions—Chapter 13

1. Portuguese ships reached India in

a) 1312.

b) 1421.

c) 1498.

d) 1600.

(see p.456)

2. Christopher Columbus was

a) English.

b) Spanish.

c) Portuguese.

d) Italian.

(see p.458)

3. Vasco da Gama was the first explorer to circumnavigate the world.

a) True

b) False

(see p.461)

4. Cortes’ army of ______________ conquered Mexico.

(see p.461)

5. Pizarro conquered

a) the Aztecs.

b) the Toltecs.

c) the Maya.

d) the Inca.

(see p.461)

6. On Hispaniola epidemics wiped out 99.9% of the population.

a) True

b) False

(see p.464)

7. Which of the following came to Europe from the New World via the Columbian Exchange?

a) horses

b) coffee

c) wheat

d) tomatoes

(see p.464)

8. Around 1510 ________began to develop a different model of the universe.

(see p.467)

9. In the geocentric model the stars orbit around the_____________.

(see p.467)

10. What discovery did Galileo report in the Starry Messenger (1610)?

a) the existence of black holes

b) the moons of Jupiter

c) the rings of Saturn

d) Earth’s orbit

(see p.470)

11. In what year did the church first condemn the heliocentric model of the universe?

a) 1616

b) 1633

c) 1598

d) 1689

(see p.470)

12. ___________ is the nature of knowledge itself.

(see p.471)

13. Executions for heresy increased greatly under the inquisition.

a) True

b) False

(see p.472)

14. Crypto-Jews were Jews who _______.

a) held their faith secretly.

b) lapsed Jews.

c) Jews from Lithuania.

d) atheists..

(see p.472)

15. Boyle’s law was concerned with _______.

a) blood circulation.

b) movement of the planets.

c) pressure of gas.

d) dissection of bodies.

(see p.476)

16. From the 7th to the 11th century the Islamic world had excelled in science.

a) True

b) False

(see p.481)

17. Francis Bacon identified four problems or________ with the human mind.

(see p.486)

18. Who said “cogito ergo sum” (“I think, therefore I am”)?

a) Galileo

b) Francis Bacon

c) Copernicus

d) Descartes

(see p.487)

19. Since Descartes, Western science begins with the assumption that everything operates according to a set of __________.

(see p.488)

20. Which theory describes the motion of everything in the universe?

a) heliocentrism

b) universal gravitation

c) relativity

d) Boyle’s law

(see p.490)

Test Questions—Chapter 14

1. The _______ was the essential component of Protestant Christianity’s godly society.

a) family

b) church

c) state

d) individual believer

(see p.498)

2. Protestant countries focused more on legislating _______ than Catholics.

a) church law

b) religious orthodoxy

c) taxation

d) sexual morality

(see p.500)

3. The peace of Augsburg was in

a) 1445.

b) 1555.

c) 1355.

d) 1567.

(see p.501)

4. French Huguenots followed _______ theology.

a) Calvinist

b) Anabaptist

c) Lutheran

d) Anglican

(see p.502)

5. The Edict of Nantes, passed by Henry IV of France, promised all French people

a) free land.

b) a Catholic state.

c) freedom of religion.

d) persecution.

(see p.503)

6. The Dutch were fighting Spanish control because of religious differences.

a) True

b) False

(see p.503)

7. The ____________ was the first European-wide war.

(see p.505)

8. The Thirty Years’ War was the first to use _______.

a) Archery

b) Infantry

c) Cannon

d) Gunpowder-based weapons

(see p.506)

9. The Thirty Years’ War ended with the

a) Peace of Augsburg.

b) Treaty of Paris.

c) Schmalkaldic Peace.

d) Peace of Westphalia.

(see p.506)

10. Women were more commonly executed as witches than men.

a) True

b) False

(see p.510)

11. Executions for witchcraft were more common in _______

a) Catholic countries

b) Protestant countries

c) countries with split religious affiliations

d) Islamic countries

(see p.509)

12. The Jews were expelled from Portugal in

a) 1492.

b) 1290.

c) 1497.

d) 1367.

(see p.511)

13 . Sabbatai Zvi died a Muslim.

a) True

b) False

(see p.514)

14. Luther was content to allow Jews to practice their faith uninhibited.

a) True

b) False

(see p.515)

15. The two states that dominated the Islamic world in the 16th century were the Ottomans and the

a) the Byzantines.

b) the Mongols.

c) the Safavids.

d) the Mamluks.

(see p.516)

16. The Ottoman economy began to stagnate in the 16th century because _______.

a) of overpopulation

b) of the influx of New World gold and silver

c) immigration from Europe

d) All of the above

(see p.516)

17. Mulla Sadra was a proponent of what philosophy?

a) Stoicism

b) Epicureanism

c) Illuminationism

d) Sufsm

(see p.518)

18. Thanks to new crops from the New World, the diets of which group changed?

a) the aristocracy

b) the peasants

c) the clergy

d) the middle class

(see p.524)

19. The growth of the European population between the 16th and 18th centuries can be attributed to

a) increased food supply.

b) fewer religious wars.

c) state welfare systems.

d) colonization.

(see p.524)

20. The fencing of land for grazing animals was called _____________.

(see p.525)

Test Questions—Chapter 15:

1. The Peace of Westphalia was in

a) 1648.

b) 1610.

c) 1633.

d) 1701.

(see p.531)

2. During the _________, palaces, museums, libraries, etc., sprang up across Europe.

(see p.529)

3. The Peace of Westphalia was signed in Austria, between France and Germany.

a) True

b) False

(see p.531)

4. The idea that true freedom consists of freedom from chaos is an argument for _______________.

(see p.534)

5. Louis XIII’s chief minister was

a) Mazarin.

b) Richelieu.

c) Saint Simon.

d) Francois Fenelon.

(see p.535)

6. __________ wrote Leviathan.

(see p.537)

7. _______ was the dominant Continental state in the 17th century

(see p.540)

8. The Turks failed to take Vienna in _______, which strengthened Austria.

a) 1648.

b) 1598.

c) 1620.

d) 1683.

(see p.541)

9. The ________ came to power in Russia in the 17th century.

(see p.541)

10. All European countries used a military draft to fill the ranks of their armies in the early modern period.

a) True

b) False

(see p.542)

11. ____________ were used to control their own citizens.

(see p.541)

12. Who built the palace of Versailles?

a) Louis XIV

b) Louis XIII

c) Catherine de Medici

d) Cardinal Richelieu

(see p.544)

13. ___________ was a rebellion against the French crown in the mid-17th century.

(see p.545)

14. ___________ was a set of economic policies that supported absolutism.

(see p.547)

15. Johnson’s dictionary of the English language remained authoritative until

a) 1789.

b) 1829.

c) 1928.

d) 1889.

(see p.559)

16. ____________ died in 1603, causing a constitutional crisis in England.

(see p.564)

17. James Stuart was king of England and also of _______.

a) France.

b) Holland.

c) Scotland.

d) Ireland.

(see p.564)

18. The English parliamentary forces during the civil war were led by ____________.

(see p.567)

19. The Ottomans lost control over the eastern Mediterranean at the Battle of _______.

a) Lepanto

b) Ayn Jalut

c) Vienna

d) Kosovo

(see p.569)

20. The Safavid Qizilbash were Sufi mystics.

a) True

b) False

(see p.572)

Test Questions—Chapter 16

1. The Enlightenment describes an array of intellectual and cultural activities of the ___________.

(see p.579)

2. The Enlightenment writers called themselves

a) Sophists.

b) revolutionaries.

c) philosophes.

d) reformists.

(see p.582)

3. Enlightenment thinkers were mostly academics.

a) True

b) False

(see p.583)

4. Enlightenment writers wrote mostly in essay form.

a) True

b) False

(see p.583)

5. The decision to revoke the _____________ played a part in triggering the Enlightenment.

(see p.583)

6. England’s Glorious Revolution occurred in

a) 1610.

b) 1710.

c) 1598.

d) 1688.

(see p.583)

7. Louis XIV stripped _____________ of their legal rights.

(see p.584)

8. After James II was dethroned, his daughter ___________ took his place.

(see p.584)

9. _______ is commonly regarded as the first philosophe.

(see p.586)

10. John Locke considered civil rights the right to life, liberty, and __________.

(see p.587)

11. Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations attacked the ideas of mercantilism.

a) True

b) False

(see p.592)

12. Adam Smith developed the concept of free market capitalism, which

a) believes in a finite economy.

b) promotes supply and demand.

c) rejects supply and demand.

d) sees markets as unimportant.

(see p.592)

13. _______ launched a campaign against religious intolerance in the 17th century.

a) John Locke

b) Adam Smith

c) Pierre Bayle

d) Voltaire

(see p.588)

14. Who wrote Candide?

a) Rousseau

b) Voltaire

c) Diderot

d) Hume

(see p.597)

15. Who said: “Mankind is born free, but we see him everywhere in chains?”

a) Louis XIV

b) Locke

c) Adam Smith

d) Rousseau

(see p.599)

16. ____________ is the belief in a god who, having created the universe, then plays no role in the affairs of humans.

(see p.590)

17. Hasidim is the Hebrew term for “Enlightenment.”

a) True

b) False

(see p.605)

18. Salons were

a) literary-minded gatherings in private homes.

b) luxurious carriages.

c) lavish parties at court.

d) controlled by the kings.

(see p.602)

19. Who were the main proponents of the Enlightenment?

a) the urban poor

b) the aristocracy

c) the churches

d) the bourgeoisie

(see p.614)

20. What was the name of the acts that offered rights to Jews?

a) Acts of Toleration

b) Acts of Peace

c) Acts of Kindness

d) Acts of Israel

(see p.607)

Test Questions—Chapter 17

1. French aristocrat-led legal courts were called ___________.

(see p.627)

2. The French legislative councils were known as ____________.

(see p.628)

3. The Third Estate was the

a) clergy.

b) royalty.

c) commoners.

d) nobles.

(see p.628)

4. In which year did the Estates General bar entrance to the Third Estate, beginning the French Revolution?

a) 1777.

b) 1789.

c) 1800.

d) 1733.

(see p.629)

5. The National Assembly issued the Declaration of __________.

(see p.632)

6. The two dominant parties of the National Convention were the Girondists and the _________.

(see p.636)

7. The Girondists favored a reformed constitutional monarchy.

a) True

b) False

(see p.636)

8. In 1792 France was invaded by

a) Britain.

b) Italy.

c) Austria and Prussia.

d) The Ottoman Turks.

(see p.634)

9. Robespierre’s rule was known as

a) the National Assembly.

b) the Reign of Terror.

c) the Restoration.

d) the Glorious Revolution.

(see p.637)

10. During its most radical phase the revolution criminalized Christianity.

a) True

b) False

(see p.638)

11. Napoleon staged a coup in

a) 1799.

b) 1789.

c) 1786.

d) 1805.

(see p.644)

12. Napoleon instituted the ______________ as a new legal system.

(see p.644)

13. Napoleon extended political rights to women.

a) True

b) False

(see p.645)

14. Napoleon’s historical idol was

a) Pericles.

b) Genghis Khan.

c) Plato.

d) Augustus.

(see p.646)

15. Napoleon replaced mercantilism with _____________.

(see p.650)

16. The Continental System led to a rise in _______ on the Continent.

a) industrial production.

b) nationalism.

c) urbanization.

d) agriculture.

(see p.652)

17. Who wrote the Vindication of the Rights of Man?

a) Robespierre

b) Wollstonecraft

c) Napoleon

d) Burke

(see p.643)

18. Edmund Burke believed that the French Revolution was doomed to fail.

a) True.

b) False.

(see p.640)

19. Napoleon’s Continental System failed to weaken Britain because

a) the British invaded Europe.

b) the British didn’t trade with Europe anyway.

c) it caused too much political unrest.

d) the British increased trade with the rest of the world.

(see p.653)

20. Napoleon invaded __________ in 1812, which was the beginning of his downfall.

(see p.655)

Test Questions—Chapter 18

1. The Industrial Revolution developed a new economy based on the use of __________ to produce everyday goods.

a) machines

b) manual labor

c) tools

d) all of the above

(see p.668)

2. The development of scientific agriculture in the 18th century improved _______.

a) employment numbers

b) crop yields

c) profits

d) commerce

(see p.670)

3. By 1850 England’s population had reached

a) 10 million.

b) 18 million.

c) 25 million.

d) 36 million.

(see p.669)

4. England had achieved its unique status because of its small farmers.

a) True

b) False

(see p.671)

5. ________was, after food, the most important purchase people made.

(see p.671)

6. In England the aristocracy was more inclined to become involved with commerce.

a) True

b) False

(see p.672)

7. The application of what power source to textile production revolutionized the industry?

a) steam

b) electricity

c) wind power

d) oil

(see p.672)

8. Britain’s emergence as the first industrial power was aided by

a) rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.

b) the strength of the guild system.

c) a need for new domestic and colonial markets.

d) Parliament’s controlling involvement in private .

(see p.674)

9. By 1815 the English had constructed how many miles of canals?

a) 1,000.

b) 4,000.

c) 10,000.

d) 13,000.

(see p.673)

10. The Zollverein, the customs union created in 1818 in Germany, was led by _________.

(see p.677)

11. The Netherlands failed to industrialize at all.

a) True

b) False

(see p.678)

12. Who was the “sick man of Europe?”

a) France

b) the Ottoman Empire

c) Portugal

d) Greece

(see p.684)

13. The trade agreements between Ottomans and Europeans were called _________.

(see p.682)

14. The Ottomans invested heavily in steamships.

a) True

b) False

(see p.684)

15. Until the Industrial Revolution, the word “unemployed” did not exist in English.

a) True

b) False

(see p.686)

16. Women and children made up as much as _______ of the labor force in textile factories.

a) 10%

b) 30%

c) 75%

d) 90%

(see p.693)

17. Private militias hired by factory owners attacked English workers demonstrating for voting rights in what came to be called the _______.

(see p.692)

18. The Romantic Movement was a reaction against

a) mercantilism.

b) industrialization.

c) neo-classicism.

d) the French Revolution.

(see p.697)

19. Heine wrote a poem about weavers from ____________ demonstrating against starvation wages.

(see p.692)

20. New denominations inaugurated Sunday schools as _______.

a) a way to feed the working class on their day off.

b) a means to teach working class children to read.

c) a way to interest urban dwellers in church again.

d) working class charities.

(see p.695)

Test Questions—Chapter 19

1. The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

a) Napoleon

b) Metternich

c) Burke

d) Bismarck

(see p.707)

2. The ________ controlled the Congress of Vienna.

(see p.708)

3. Metternich believed that _______.

a) change was never necessary

b) the traditional aristocracy should remain in power at all costs

c) the common people were too stupid to take part in government

d) any change should happen gradually, not through revolution

(see p.707)

4. At its most basic level, conservatism

a) stated that no one had the right to overthrow the government

b) valued a stable community over the individual

c) championed laissez-faire government

d) wanted the overthrow of monarchies

(see p.708)

5. The Polish were united by the Congress of Vienna.

a) True

b) False

(see p.711)

6. Greek patriots rose up against the Ottomans in ___________.

(see p.714)

7. One of the basic ideas of political liberalism in the 19th century was

a) individual freedom

b) law and order

c) military control

d) divine right monarchy

(see p.719)

8. Edmund Burke’s _________ is commonly regarded as one of the foundational texts of conservatism.

(see p.715)

9. According to the conservative poor law in Britain, a welfare recipient received his payment in the parish where he was born.

a) True

b) False

(see p.718)

10. Conservatism was anti-industrialization.

a) True

b) False

(see p.717)

11. Liberalism regards the primary function of government to be the promotion of ________.

a) tradition

b) social order

c) personal freedom

d) big government

(see p.718)

12. _______, who wrote On Liberty, was the primary philosopher of Liberalism.

(see p.720)

13. Whose new-found economic muscle depended upon individual freedom and property rights?

a) Nobles

b) Bourgeoisie

c) Peasants

d) Royalty

(see p.721)

14. The British Reform Bill of 1832 _______.

a) reallocated parliamentary seats in industrial areas.

b) eliminated child labor.

c) mandated a minimum wage for workers.

d) limited the number of hours that women could work.

(see p.723)

15. Charles X of France abdicated in:

a) 1890

b) 1830

c) 1820

d) 1864

(see p.723)

16. The right to vote is known as _______.

(see p.725)

17. “Proletariat” comes from the Latin word meaning:

a) Workers

b) People from the villages

c) Untouchables

d) People who smell

(see p.724)

18. Chartists issued their People’s Charter in _______.

(see p.725)

19. After nearly a decade of discontent, urban workers and the poor rose up in protest in:

a) 1848

b) 1838

c) 1898

d) 1900

(see p.728)

20. In 1848 Karl Marx published ____________.

(see p.731)

Test Questions—Chapter 20

1. Which nation did Freeman cite as an example of an “artificial nation”?

a) Germany

b) Italy

c) Hungary

d) Switzerland

(see p.750)

2. To Freeman, _________ defined national identity.

(see p.750)

3. In the 17th century nation was often used exclusively to designate the aristocracy.

a) True

b) False

(see p.753)

4. Nationalism is particularly associated with _______.

a) the Enlightenment

b) Romanticism

c) Liberalism

d) Conservatism

(see p.753)

5. The ________ took the lead in the German Confederation.

(see p.761)

6. Who was offered, but refused the crown of a “Lesser Germany”?

a) Otto Von Bismarck

b) Metternich

c) Friedrich Wilhelm IV

d) Napoleon III

(see p.761)

7. Under the leadership of ______________ the Prussian army beat its neighbors into submission.

(see p.762)

8. Once united, Germany embraced the ethnic divisions within itself.

a) True

b) False

(see p.764)

9. The Crimean War was in:

a) 1829-30

b) 1854-6

c) 1863-5

d) 1880-81

(see p.755)

10. Before Italian unification, Vittorio Emmanuel II was king of

a) Corsica

b) Mallorca

c) Piedmont-Sardinia

d) Sicily

(see p.758)

11. The Italian south was conquered by:

a) Cavour

b) Bismarck

c) Napoleon III

d) Garibaldi

(see p.758)

12. At the Battle of Mohacs the Ottomans defeated:

a) The Greeks

b) The Slavs

c) The Magyars

d) The Austrians

(see p.766)

13. The Oath of Supremacy was sworn to which monarchy?

a) British

b) French

c) Ottoman

d) German

(see p.768)

14. The Act of Union united which parliament with England’s?

a) France

b) Ireland

c) Scotland

d) Wales

(see p.769)

15. The Catholic Emancipation Act was in:

a) 1829

b) 1832

c) 1801

d) 1889

(see p.769)

16. How many people died during the Great Famine?

a) 500,000-1million

b) 1-1.5 million

c) 2-2.5 million

d) 3 million

(see p.770)

17. Which European city had more than 40,000 Jews around 1880?

a) Prague

b) Rome

c) Bruges

d) Paris

(see p.773)

18. Theodore Herzl organized the first _________.

(see p.776)

19. Anti-Semitism was particularly vicious in the ______.

(see p.776)

20. Al-Nahda meant “the awakening.”

a) True

b) False

(see p.781)

Test Questions—Chapter 21

1. Employment opportunities for women during the Industrial Revolution

a) increased in quantity

b) declined dramatically

c) were abolished by labor unions

d) were encouraged by greedy husbands

(see p.789)

2. Popular opinion in the 19th century believed that the only natural interest for women was _______.

a) civil society

b) politics

c) family

d) intellectual life

(see p.790)

3. Who wrote The Subjection of Women (1869)?

a) Florence Nightingale

b) Virginia Woolf

c) Louisa Garret Anderson

d) John Stuart Mill

(see p.792)

4. John Stuart Mill argued that women could be useful to society if they entered the workplace.

a) True

b) False

(see p.793)

5. For novelist Mary Ward, suffrage activism _______.

a) was necessary for women to take an equal place in the world.

b) was unnecessary for women to be happy.

c) was a perversion of female character

d) was unladylike

(see p.795)

6. The first country to open its public universities to women was _______.?

a) The United States.

b) Romania

c) Germany

d) Britain.

(see p.796)

7. Women’s trade unions were legalized in France in _________.

(see p.796)

8. Harriet Martineau signed petitions calling for female suffrage but refused to call herself a suffragist.

a) True

b) False

(see p.796)

9. Suffragists preferred confrontational methods.

a) True

b) False

(see p.798)

10. The Suffragettes were formed by:

a) Emmeline Pankhurst

b) Florence Nightingale

c) Harriet Martineau

d) Beatrice Webb.

(see p.799)

11. British women gained the right to vote in:

a) 1880

b) 1928

c) 1932

d) 1869

(see p.801)

12. Helen Stöcker founded the Society for ___________.

(see p.803)

13. Condoms had been used in Europe since:

a) 15th century

b) 18th century

c) 17th century

d) 16th Century.

(see p.805)

14. Coitus Interruptus was known to the Church as ________Sin.

(see p.805)

15. Birth rates _________in Britain between 1850 and 1914.

(see p.805)

16. Virginia Woolf published Mrs. Dalloway in:

a) 1925

b) 1898

c) 1901

d) 1945

(see p.808)

17. European fiction and drama was dominated by the _______ and _______ schools between 1850 and 1914.

a) realist

b) modernist

c) romantic

d) naturalist

(see p.808)

18. Which Middle Eastern nation was the center of the Islamic women’s movement?

a) Egypt

b) Syria

c) Turkey

d) Malaysia

(see p.815)

19. Kasim Amin published The New Woman in _____________.

(see p.815)

20. _______has a long history in the Islamic world but is not restricted to Arab culture.

(see p.818)

Test Questions—Chapter 22

1. Who said “God is dead?”

a) Rousseau

b) Voltaire

c) Nietzsche

d) Shelley

(see p.823)

2. Nietzsche was a Nihilist.

a) True

b) False

(see p.824)

3. Shelley was expelled from Oxford for writing____________.

(see p.826)

4. James Ussher argued that the world began in

a) 100,000 bce.

b) 46,000 bce.

c) 10,000 bce.

d) 4004 bce.

(see p.829)

5. Who provided evidence that the British Isles emerged in a series of geological events?

a) Charles Darwin

b) James Ussher

c) William Smith

d) Charles Lyell

(see p.829)

6 . __________ popularized the idea of uniformitarianism, that geological change consists of the slow accumulation of smaller changes.

(see p.829)

7. Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection in

a) 1790.

b) 1859.

c) 1889.

d) 1910.

(see p.832)

8. Early opposition to evolution came from _______

a) the Anglican Church

b) scientists

c) psychologists

d) politicians

(see p.834)

9. Time and space are elastic and should be conceived as different aspects of the same dimension, called ____________.

(see p.838)

10. Quanta behaved like particles, not like waves.

a) True

b) False

(see p.837)

11. Who discovered the quantum?

a) Max Planck

b) Albert Einstein

c) J.J. Thompson

d) Wilhelm Rontgen

(see p.837)

12. Einstein finished his Special Theory of Relativity in

a) 1880.

b) 1899.

c) 1905.

d) 1929.

(see p.838)

13. Nietzsche argued that __________ would do a better job of ruling than the general masses.

(see p.843)

14. Oscar Wilde wrote ____________while in prison.

(see p.845)

15. Freud argued that dreams originate as___________.

(see p.847)

16. Freud published Three Essays in the Theory of Sexuality in

a) 1889.

b) 1905.

c) 1909.

d) 1919.

(see p.847)

17. The closest thing to a Modernist manifesto was written by

a) Picasso.

b) Van Gogh.

c) Yates.

d) Baudelaire.

(see p.851)

18. _____________wrote On the Spiritual Element in Art.

(see p.855)

19. The Catholic Church insisted on the right of workers to form unions in Rerum Novarum.

a) True

b) False

(see p.856)

20. The Pope who declared war on modernity was _______.

a) John Paul II

b) Leo XIII

c) Pius X

d) Urban II

(see p.859)

Test Questions—Chapter 23

1. Karl Pearson believed that there was only one way to produce high civilization, the struggle of ___________

(see p.871)

2. The term “White Man’s Burden” was coined by

a) Rudyard Kipling.

b) Earl Cromer.

c) Cecil Rhodes.

d) Lloyd George.

(see p.873)

3. The second Industrial Revolution focused on producing _______ goods.

(see p.874)

4. ___________ discovered germs.

(see p.876)

5. Who patented the first automobile?

a) Henry Ford

b) Karl Friedrich Benz

c) Cecil Rhodes

d) Joseph Lister

(see p.876)

6. Modern management techniques were called ____________ by its founder.

(see p.877)

7. One of the chief problems with improved industrial capacity was _________.

(see p.879)

8. When manufactures outpaced consumption profits rose.

a) True

b) False

(see p.879)

9. The Suez Canal opened in

a) 1790.

b) 1810.

c) 1825.

d) 1869.

(see p.880)

10. The West seized approximately one-fourth of the planet in the late 19th century.

a) True

b) False

(see p.881)

11. The American Civil War interrupted the flow of which commodity to the world market?

a) oil

b) textiles

c) sugar

d) cotton

(see p.881)

12. The British exploited Indian resources under the lead of the ___________.

(see p.881)

13. An uprising against British control in _______ led to a declaration of India as a colony.

(see p.882)

14. The Conference of Berlin was summoned to set ground rules for the division of

a) Africa.

b) Ottoman Empire.

c) Asia.

d) the Pacific.

(see p.883)

15. Only ___________ managed to retain independence by becoming an imperialist power.

(see p.888)

16. Which African nation was the only one to successfully resist European imperialism?

a) Ethiopia

b) Congo

c) Egypt

d) Nigeria

(see p.886)

17. Economic systems that focused on maximizing profit for the European power in control of a region are called _______.

(see p.896)

18. The British fought the Opium Wars to

a) prevent the Chinese from exporting opium to Great Britain.

b) prevent trade between India and China.

c) force the Chinese to allow importation of opium.

d) bring down the Chinese monarchy.

(see p.887)

19. Using Darwin’s terminology, Social Darwinism argued that

a) progress in human society was no longer possible.

b) natural selection could not be rationally justified.

c) human societies competed for dominance.

d) evolution could be reversed.

(see p.873)

20. The British conquered Sudan in

a) 1800.

b) 1898.

c) 1908.

d) 1920.

(see p.893)

Test Questions—Chapter 24

1. ___________ had been on the rise in Europe since German unification of 1871.

(see p.907)

2. Archduke Franz-Ferdinand was assassinated in

a) 1917.

b) 1914.

c) 1913.

d) 1915.

(see p.912)

3. Among the loudest antiwar voices in the early 20th century were _______

a) socialists

b) diplomats

c) businessmen

d) nationalists

(see p.911)

4. The main element of the tension between European nations in the early 20th century was _______.

a) nationalist

b) economic

c) religious

d) scientific

(see p.912)

5. The Entente Cordiale was signed in____________ by Britain and France.

(see p.913)

6. Germany had taken the side of the Afrikaners in the __________ War.

(see p.913)

7. The Ottoman Empire took sides with the Allies.

a) True

b) False

(see p.914)

8. What proportion of soldiers died at the Battle of the Marne?

a) one-third

b) one-fourth

c) one-half

d) one-fifth

(see p.915)

9. The Western Front was characterized by _________ warfare.

(see p.915)

10. The war in northern Italy was fought between Italy and

a) Austria.

b) Germany.

c) the Ottoman Empire.

d) Russia.

11. The Arab Revolt was organized by the Axis powers.

a) True

b) False

(see p.917)

12. The Sykes-Picot agreement was signed in_________.

(see p.920)

13. Naval battles were an extremely important aspect of WWI.

a) True.

b) False

(see p.920)

14. Russia withdrew from the war in ________.

(see p.921)

15. _________ gas left countless soldiers blinded.

(see p.923)

16. Who suggested that the British army shoot its officers for incompetence?

a) Winston Churchill

b) Siegfried Sassoon

c) Oscar Wilde

d) George Bernard Shaw

(see p.924)

17. In Germany 750,000 civilians perished from starvation during the war.

a) True

b) False

(see p.927)

18. The Open Christmas Letter was sent in _________.

(see p.928)

19. The Bolshevik party was led by __________.

(see p.937)

20. The Treaty of Versailles apportioned blame to all European participants.

a) True

b) False

(see p.944)

Test Questions—Chapter 25

1. Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace was known as the ________.

(see p.959)

2. The League of Nations granted former colonies to the Allied powers, called ____________:

a) provinces.

b) dependencies.

c) colonies.

d) mandates.

(see p.959)

3. The Balfour Declaration was signed in ___________.

(see p.960)

4. The Balfour Declaration permitted Jewish Settlement in Jordan.

a) True

b) False

(see p.960)

5. In 1923 who invaded the Ruhr Valley?

a) Germany

b) Poland

c) France

d) Russia

(see p.963)

6. In 1924, _______ created a bailout plan which restructured German reparations.

(see p.963)

7. Black Tuesday was on October 29,

a) 1919.

b) 1939.

c) 1922.

d) 1929.

(see p.965)

8. What did the pressure of the Great Depression lead most Western countries to abandon?

a) League of Nations

b) Treaty of Versailles

c) the Gold Standard

d) NATO

(see p.966)

9. Who said, “The Jew . . . living under legal disabilities in almost every land, has become the power behind many a throne”?

a) Henry Ford

b) Calvin Coolidge

c) Mussolini

d) Hitler

(see p.970)

10. Ulysses depicts a day in the life of ___________.

(see p.971)

11. “The Waste Land” was written by ____________.

(see p.972)

12. Nosferatu revises the legend of Hercules.

a) True

b) False

(see p.973)

13. Who wrote To the Lighthouse?

a) Virginia Woolf

b) Thomas Mann

c) Joseph Conrad

d) James Joyce.

(see p.975)

14. ___________ was Europe’s first Fascist dictator.

(see p.977)

15. Military support was the key element in the rise of Franco.

a) True

b) False

(see p.978)

16. The Spanish Civil War began in

a) 1939.

b) 1945.

c) 1929.

d) 1936.

(see p.979)

17. Which of the following was NOT true of Fascist states?

a) They expected total loyalty from citizens.

b) They used modern mass propaganda techniques.

c) They allowed multiple parties to exist in their states.

d) They aimed to control all aspects of the state.

(see p.982)

18. Nazism was NOT _______

a) nationalistic

b) antidemocratic

c) socialite

d) militaristic

(see p.982)

19. Hitler’s goal of lebensraum for Germany is translated as _______.

(see p.983)

20. The gulags were Soviet _______.

a) collective farms

b) concentration camps

c) factories

d) military units

(see p.987)

Test Questions—Chapter 26

1. The “Pact of Steel” was between Germany and __________.

(see p.1002)

2. Germany signed a nonaggression pact with _________ in 1939.

(see p.1002)

3. Which country remembers World War II as the “War of Resistance?”

a) Germany

b) Japan

c) Britain

d) Italy

(see p.1000)

4. Operation Barbarossa was the German invasion of

a) Portugal.

b) France.

c) England.

d) Russia.

(see p.1005)

5. D-Day was on June 6,

a) 1943.

b) 1944.

c) 1945.

d) 1942.

(see p.1006)

6. Which country staged a fake terrorist attack in Manchuria in 1931?

a) China

b) Russia

c) Japan

d) Korea

(see p.1008)

7. The Battle of Midway occurred in

a) 1941.

b) 1942.

c) 1943.

d) 1944.

(see p.1009)

8. The war in the Pacific ended when the Americans decided to drop atomic bombs on _______ and _______.

(see p.1011)

9. According to Nazi ideology, a woman’s role in society was _______

a) to work alongside men for the glory of the Fatherland

b) outside the home, but subordinate to men.

c) to produce more Aryan children.

d) to rule the world

(see p.1014)

10. The plan to exterminate the Jews of Europe was called the

a) First Solution.

b) Final Solution.

c) Third Solution.

d) Only Solution.

(see p..1020)

11. Trials of Nazi war criminals were held at

a) Munich.

b) Nuremberg.

c) Dresden.

d) Paris.

(see p.1025)

12. Six million Jews died in the Holocaust.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1022)

13. Trials of Japanese war criminals were held in ________.

(see p.1028)

14. Franklin Delano Roosevelt drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1029)

15. Robert Oppenheimer directed the ____________ Project.

(see p.1011)

16. The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed what percentage of the population?

a) 10%

b) 20%

c) 35%

d) 50%

(see p.1012)

17. The Islamic counterpoint to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is named after the city of ________.

a) Cairo

b) Damascus

c) Istanbul

d) Baghdad

(see p.1029)

18. Iran was neutral during the WWII.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1031)

19. The British and Germans fought the battle of El Alamein in _______.

a) Palestine

b) Mesopotamia

c) North Africa

d) Iran

(see p.1031)

20. Which of the following does not describe the Ba’ath Party?

a) secular

b) Islamist

c) socialist

d) pan-Arab

(see p.1033)

Test Questions—Chapter 27

1. The Marshall Plan was instituted in ______.

(see p.1044)

2. The Marshall Plan extended credit to Eastern Europe.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1045)

3. Who wrote The Stranger (1942)?

a) Jean-Paul Sartre

b) Virginia Woolf

c) Albert Camus

d) Samuel Beckett

(see p.1047)

4. Which of the three stages of the Cold War was the most hostile?.

(see p.1049)

5. The era of Détente was between 1947 to 1962.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1052)

6. The United States created ________ to protect Western Europe.

(see p.1045)

7. The Cuban Missile Crisis was in

a) 1958.

b) 1962.

c) 1949.

d) 1979.

(see p.1051)

8. The era in which Europe gave up most of its overseas territories is known as _____________.

(see p.1053)

9. Independence for colonies from Europe translated into economic self-sufficiency.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1055)

10. To keep an eye on Soviet attempts to spread influence, the United States developed

a) the UN.

b) NATO.

c) the CIA.

d) NASA.

(see p.1057)

11. Central governments funded by heavy taxation, providing all basic social services are known as ________.

(see p.1057)

12. The British case for social services was laid out in the ______________.

(see p.1058)

13. Beveridge argued that the purpose of the state is to remove__________.

(see p.1058)

14. Konrad Adenaur led the German

a) Conservative Party.

b) Christian Democratic Union.

c) Socialist party.

d) Liberal Party.

(see p.1062)

15. In the late 1960s Europe’s population continued to grow.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1064)

16. Decolonization began because imperial nations

a) wanted freedom and opportunity for their colonies.

b) were broke from the war and Depression.

c) saw the benefits of self-determination for the world.

d) were secretly plotting against the spread of Communism.

(see p.1053)

17. Which of the following is not a reason for the development of the consumer economy?

a) the development of the welfare state

b) strong postwar economies

c) weak postwar economies

d) the development of consumer credit

(see p.1063)

18. In 1967 Israel launched the _____________.

(see p.1064)

19. Prague Spring was in 1978.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1065)

20. The movement for women’s equality in the 1960s and 1970s was known as_________.

(see p.1067)

Test Questions—Chapter 28

1. By the end of the century, most Europeans identified themselves as observant Christians.

a) True

b) False

2. ___________, the German Protestant theologian, worked against the Nazis and was killed in a concentration camp.

(see p.1093)

3. The European Organization for Nuclear Research is known as _________.

(see p.1085)

4. Which Pope began the process of reforming the Catholic Church in the 1960s?

a) John-Paul III.

b) Pius XIII

c) Pius XII

d) John XXIII

(see p.1089)

5. Humanae Vitae suggests that ____________is an analogy to the human trinity.

(see p.1091)

6. The German Evangelical Church supported Hitler.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1093)

7. Protestantism dwindled in developing nations during the Cold War.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1094)

8. Pentecostalism takes its name from the descent of _______ on the apostles on Pentecost.

a) God

b) Jesus

c) the Holy Spirit

d) None of the above

Answer : C

(see p.1095)

9. Evangelicalism is a Protestant denomination.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1096)

10. The key element of fundamentalism is _________.

a) orthodox theology

b) scriptural inerrancy

c) obedience to the Pope

d) anti-intellectualism

(see p.1095)

11. Increased immigration into Israel in the 1960s and 70s led to:

a) a conservative, anti-Arab political shift

b) an increasingly religious government

c) a more liberal, pro-peace shift

d) greater consensus over the nature of Israeli identity

(see p.1097)

12. More than 90% of Jews living in which country migrated to Israel following the Six Day War?

a) Tunisia

b) Morocco

c) Egypt

d) Iraq.

(see p.1096)

13. U.N. Resolution 3379 compared what to racism:

a) Imperialism

b) Fascism

c) Protestantism

d) Zionism

(see p.1098)

14. By 2010 Arabs comprised ___________of the Israeli population.

(see p.1100)

15. The bat mitzvah was begun in the United States in1922.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1101)

16. The New Historians challenged _______

a) Arab claims to land in Palestine

b) histories of Israel’s founding

c) American anti-Semitism

d) the Nazi role in the Holocaust

(see p.1102)

17. Conservative Judaism accepted female rabbis starting in the _______.

a) 1890s

b) 1930s

c) 1950s

d) 1980s

(see p.1101)

18. Arab nationalism follows the European pattern.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1104)

19. What terrorist group gained popularity with the Palestinians for providing social services?

a) IRA

b) PLO

c) Hamas

d) Muslim Brotherhood

(see p.1108)

20. Hamas began as an offshoot of the ____________.

(see p.1108)

Test Questions—Chapter 29

1. Freed of the need for a Cold War military deterrent, people spoke of a _____________.

(see p.1156)

2. Ayatollah Khomeini declared a death sentence on Salman Rushdie in

a) 1979.

b) 1981.

c) 1988.

d) 1989.

(see p.1116)

3. In 1989, the ____________ ran aground in Prince William Sound.

(see p.1118)

4. Britain’s Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher called for political action on climate change.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1119)

5. In 1992 Rio de Janeiro held an ___________.

(see p.1119)

6. The Kyoto Protocol was drawn up in

a) 1970.

b) 1974.

c) 1981.

d) 1997.

(see p.1121)

7. The protestors at Tiananmen Square were demanding _______.

a) Democracy

b) capitalism

c) action on global warming

d) action on globalization

(see p.1122)

8. The Red Cross estimated that 5,000 people were killed in Tiananmen Square.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1122)

9. Following 1989, Poland’s unemployment reached

a) 9%.

b) 12%.

c) 20%.

d) 27%.

(see p.1124)

10. The GNP of Ukraine lost 50% within ten years of the Soviet breakup.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1124)

11. The idea of uniting Europe in a super-state can be traced back to _______.

(see p.1125)

12. Who were the chief victims of Serb massacres?

a) Croats

b) Bosnians

c) Armenians

d) Slovenians

(see p.1132)

13. The _______ is an intergovernmental organization that promotes international trade.

a) EU

b) NATO

c) WTO

d) UN

(see p.1129)

14. In _______ the Treaty of Maastricht created the European Union.

a) 1954

b) 1967

c) 1988

d) 1993

(see p. 1126)

15. Labor migration meant unemployment in rich EU countries.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1128)

16. Saddam Hussein was deeply in debt after his ten-year war with __________.

(see p.1135)

17. The Good Friday Accord was signed in

a) 1989.

b) 1990.

c) 1991.

d) 1999.

(see p.1138)

18. The 1990s saw feminism’s _______ wave.

(see p. 1149)

19. The Assad family controlled _______.

a) Syria.

b) Egypt.

c) Jordan.

d) Iraq.

(see p.1144)

20. Conservatives prefer to balance budgets by cutting expenditures.

a) True

b) False

(see p.1154)