11th Edition Test Bank Ch.16 Coastal Processes And Hazards

Natural Disasters, 11e (Abbott)

Chapter 16 Coastal Processes and Hazards

1) What happens to downstream beaches after a dam is built on a river?

A) They grow in size as more clay sticks to them.

B) They decrease in size as one of their supplies of sand has been cut off.

C) They will maintain their previous size, as the dam has no effect on the sand supply.

D) They will decrease in size at first but then grow back even larger over time.

2) Which of the following statements about the net effect of groins is accurate?

A) They cause sand to be deposited on the up-drift side and eroded on the down-drift side.

B) They cause sand to be deposited on the down-drift side and eroded on the up-drift side.

C) They cause sand to be deposited on both sides.

D) They cause sand to be eroded on both sides.

E) They cause neither erosion nor deposition, they just slow approving waves.

3) Beaches generally grow in ________and shrink in size in ________.

A) spring; summer

B) summer; winter

C) winter; fall

D) fall; spring

E) winter; summer

4) When waves reach shallow water their velocity is controlled by water ________.

A) fluidity

B) salinity

C) volatiles

D) depth

E) chemistry

5) Longshore drift ________.

A) acts like an offshore river

B) is reduced by waves

C) is enhanced by groin placement

D) is too far offshore to be a concern

E) does not exist in cliffy regions

6) Gravity between any two bodies is inversely proportional to the ________.

A) square of their combined mass

B) square of the distance between them

C) difference in their densities cubed

D) distance between them and the universal constant G

E) the cube of their relative velocities

7) The law of gravity states that two bodies attract each other with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the ________ of the distance between them.

A) first power

B) square

C) cube

D) square root

E) log

8) Severe coastal erosion is ________ by seawall construction.

A) reduced

B) accelerated

C) unaffected

D) eliminated

9) When waves approach headlands they ________.

A) dissipate and lose energy

B) shallow and deepen simultaneously

C) fan out, becoming less dense

D) refract, focusing energy

E) contract, releasing tidal energy

10) Newton showed that differential tidal forces are inversely proportional to the ________ of the distance between the two objects. 

A) first power

B) square

C) cube

D) square root

E) logarithm

11) The Sun and the Moon each exert a tidal force. These combine to form the highest tides ________.

A) at the winter apogee

B) once a week

C) about twice a month (every 28 days)

D) during the summer solstice

E) during the winter solstice

12) ________ are powerful flows of water away from the shoreline.

A) Rip currents

B) Longshore currents

C) Longshore differs

D) Tidal bores

E) Thermohaline currents

13) If you are caught in a rip current the best course of action is to ________.

A) float until it reverse flows and carries you back to shore

B) swim underwater directly back toward the shoreline

C) swim parallel to shore until you are out of it

D) swim in the same direction the rip current is flowing

E) dive under the surface and remain there until the current stops

14) Breakwaters stop or degrade the longshore-transport system by stopping waves from hitting the beach behind them.

15) Structures built on the side of a beach-cliff in order to protect it can be thought of as permanent.

16) Jetties are built parallel to a shoreline in order to shut down the longshore current.

17) A tidal bore is a true tidal wave.

18) Tidal bores flow upriver as waves and have been known to be over 2 m high.

19) New York City has experienced a local sea level rise of about 9 cm per decade since 1900.

20) Undamaged coral reefs can grow and keep pace with a natural rise in sea level.

21) As a wave approaches a beach it slows down first where the water is the deepest

22) Which of the following location is severely eroding?

A) San Francisco, CA

B) Miami, FL

C) Portland, ME

D) Tampa, FL

23) During the summer, the ________ Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, and the weather conditions are relatively calm.

A) Northern

B) Southern

C) Eastern

D) Western

24) The planet had an increase of about ________ people from 1900 to 2018.

A) 600 million

B) 6 billion

C) 60 million

D) 6 million

25) Sand is a finite natural resource and can be found in many places worldwide and is used extensively as a ________.

A) renewable resource

B) 'green' resource

C) common-pool resource

D) carbon-friendly resource

26) On the Amazon River, the September and March tidal waves are more than 4m (13ft) high and run upstream. These are known as ________ and attract surfers who can surf on the river.

A) orinoco

B) poraroca

C) super-moon tide

D) manano

27) ________ are built perpendicular to the coastline to create harbors and channels for boat passage.

A) Breakwaters

B) Jetties

C) Cliff-armoring

D) Seawalls

28) ________ are structures built to protect shorelines and harbors from wave attack and may be attached or detached from the shoreline.

A) Breakwaters

B) Jetties

C) Cliff-armoring

D) Seawalls

29) Sea level rise is becoming a major concern to countries like Maldives, which have an average ground elevation of ________.

A) 3.0 m (9.8 feet)

B) 2.5 m (8.2 feet)

C) 2.0 m (6.5 feet)

D) 1.5 m (4.9 feet)